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North Africa

Policy Analysis on North Africa

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Articles & Testimony
Neglect for Human Rights Helped Produce the Crisis in Tunisia
Rampant corruption and economic instability facilitated Saied’s takeover, but Western governments need to recognize that these ills stem from deeper human rights problems such as unchecked police brutality, erosion of freedoms, and lack of respect for due process.
Mar 17, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Articles & Testimony
Four Possible Scenarios for Tunisia’s Political Crisis
As waves of protest rock the country following mass arrests of political opponents, what will happen next?
Mar 14, 2023
◆
  • Karim Mezran
  • Sabina Henneberg
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Saied’s Tunisia Is Politicizing Counterterrorism Again
His government is using CT tools to go after the political opposition, but the ongoing lull in jihadist activity may give Washington some breathing room to press him on these issues.
Mar 9, 2023
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Brief Analysis
Changing Egyptian-Turkish Dynamics May Create Opportunities for Libya
Turkey’s tragic earthquake and Egypt’s economic crisis may lead both governments to ease their conflicts over Libya.
Feb 21, 2023
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  • Ben Fishman
Negev Forum
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Morocco, Israel, and the Future of the Negev Forum
Morocco is preparing to host the upcoming Negev Forum summit, an opportunity for the Kingdom to expand economic ties and bridge regional divides.
Feb 16, 2023
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  • Mohamed Chtatou
Burns Visit Libya
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Takeaways from William Burns’ Surprise Visit to Libya
Burns met with both Dbeibeh and Haftar, likely to discuss key U.S. concerns such as the Lockerbie case, energy security, and terrorism.
Feb 13, 2023
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  • Mohamed Eljarh
Algeria Oil
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Energy Geopolitics of North Africa
The longstanding regional rivalry between Morocco and Algeria has taken on new meaning as the two countries vie for energy partnerships in Europe.
Feb 9, 2023
◆
  • Nashat Shawamreh
Brief Analysis
Egypt’s Economic Freefall Provides an Opening for U.S. Assistance—and Leverage
Given the tall task of managing public dissent and meeting IMF reform requirements without angering his military base, President Sisi may be more willing to shift his problematic stances on human rights and foreign policy.
Jan 26, 2023
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  • Ben Fishman
French President Macron and Moroccan King Mohammed VI in Rabat - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
France’s Balancing Act: Mending Relations and Ending Moroccan Visa Restrictions
A recently announced visa decision and a presidential visit to Rabat indicate France’s eagerness to regain its diplomatic position in the region.
Jan 25, 2023
◆
  • Frances McDonough
  • Sabina Henneberg
Video
Brief Analysis
Civil Society in Tunisia: Resetting Western Policy Expectations
Three experts discuss the relevance and focus of Western efforts to nurture reform in post-revolutionary Tunisia amid recent democratic backsliding by President Saied.
Jan 25, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Amy Hawthorne
  • Jean-Louis Romanet Perroux
Tunisian demonstrators outside the general union building (UGTT), June 2022
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Civil Society in Tunisia:
Resetting Expectations
Reduced U.S. support need not mean abandoning Tunisians or democratization, and can center on directing limited funds more intentionally.
Jan 23, 2023
◆
  • Sabina Henneberg
Crown Prince Muhammad and President Xi walking in Riyadh.
Brief Analysis
Assessing Xi Jinping’s Middle East Trip
His discussions on nuclear proliferation, energy markets, defense cooperation, and other issues offered numerous contrasts with President Biden’s summer meetings in Saudi Arabia—as well as some unexpected criticism of Iran.
Dec 22, 2022
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  • Grant Rumley
  • Carol Silber
  • Eric Feely
  • Sarah Cahn
  • Sude Akgundogdu
  • Lauren von Thaden
  • Faris Almaari
U.S. and Algerian flags at the U.S. Embassy in Algiers - source: U.S. government
Brief Analysis
Bolstering U.S.-Algeria Relations Amid the Africa Leaders Summit
At a time when Algerian military cooperation with Russia is growing and African counterterrorism challenges are proliferating, Washington cannot afford to take the relationship for granted.
Dec 15, 2022
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Biden Summit for Democracy 2021, Tunisia media protesters, Egyptian democracy workshop
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Reexamining U.S. Aid to the Middle East:
Ideas for Advancing Both Governance and Democracy
Massive U.S. investment has failed to improve outcomes since the Arab Spring uprisings. A more targeted, sensitive approach could yield better results and promote regional stability.
Dec 14, 2022
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  • Ben Fishman
◆ Reform, Protest, Change
A supporter of Tunisia's Islamist Ennahda Party protests against the Tunisian president's 2022 coup - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Tunisia: Caught Between the IMF and International Isolation
In the absence of strong international support, Tunisians have been left to face the worsening political and economic crises on their own
Dec 12, 2022
◆
  • Maher Latif
Brief Analysis
Tunisians Pessimistic Ahead of Parliamentary Election
Socioeconomic unrest is growing in many parts of the country, and the series of elections planned this month and next year hold little prospect of bolstering public confidence in an increasingly autocratic government.
Dec 2, 2022
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  • Sabina Henneberg
President Joe Biden waves from the steps of Air Force One - source: White House photo
Brief Analysis
Biden Heads to Egypt Amid Economic Protests and Libyan Gridlock
Although climate issues will by definition headline the latest COP summit, Egypt’s human rights record, simmering protest movement, and questionable policies in neighboring Libya will provide plenty of additional fodder for Biden’s discussions with Sisi.
Nov 10, 2022
◆
  • David Schenker
  • Ben Fishman
A cargo ship carrying Ukrainian grain passes through the Bosphorus - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
MENA Countries Stand to Lose the Most If the Ukraine Grain Initiative Falters
Russia will continue using the Black Sea corridors as leverage, so Western countries and their partners should prepare alternative routes and other assistance as counter-leverage.
Nov 8, 2022
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  • Anna Borshchevskaya
  • Louis Dugit-Gros
  • Sabina Henneberg
Map of U.S. Army operations in Operation Torch, 1942 - source: U.S. Army
Articles & Testimony
From Torch to Tunis to El Alamein: Events 80 Years Ago Made the Modern Middle East
The second week of November 1942 has much to tell us about the region’s geopolitical centrality, its enduring political currents, and its role in the future of the Jewish people—not to mention the evolution of American foreign policy.
Nov 6, 2022
◆
  • Robert Satloff
US Army soldiers meet local civilians in Morocco during Operation Torch in November 1942 - source: U.S. Army
Video
Brief Analysis
From Torch to Tunis to El Alamein: The Most Important Forgotten Week in Modern Middle East History
Watch an expert conversation on the pivotal week in WWII whose events continue to shape the modern Middle East.
November 7, 2022
◆
  • Mehnaz Afridi
  • Aomar Boum
  • Martin Cüppers
  • Haim Saadoun

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Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Robert Satloff
Robert Satloff
Robert Satloff is Segal Executive Director of The Washington Institute, a post he assumed in January 1993.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is a Senior Fellow in The Washington Institute's Program on Arab Politics.
David Pollock
David Pollock
David Pollock is the Bernstein Fellow at The Washington Institute, focusing on regional political dynamics and related issues.
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