Iran

Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada is a splinter of Kataib Hezbollah that works directly with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and which has a transnational focus on the Iran-backed Axis of Resistance's shared regional agenda.

Iran's post-Natanz face-saving effort saw the Iraqi muqawama falsely claim retaliation attacks against Israeli and U.S. targets in Iraq, underlining a case of centralized Iranian direction of muqawama information operations, and coordination of Iraqi muqawama actions with broader kinetic operations by Iran's Axis of Resistance.

The Sharia Youth Gathering is an umbrella movement of social service, cultural, sports, and scouting organizations that is effectively controlled by Kataib Hezbollah (KH) through a cadre of KH-linked commanders.

​​​​​​​The foreign minister had much to say about the IRGC branch’s political interference at home and close relations with Moscow, and the regime has done nothing to dispute his account so far.

Asaib Ahl al-Haq is a major fasail (armed group) in Iraq, which self-identifies as part of Iran's Axis of Resistance but which stubbornly maintains some independence of action from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps - Qods Force. It has numerous cells undertaking kinetic, media and social operations, some of which are bankrolled by the Iraqi state.

Fatemiyoun Electronic Squad is a cyber facade group that undertakes cyber attacks on behalf of Kataib Hezbollah, in close collaboration with other KH affiliates.

A new online facade group Rijal Allah has undermined the Kataib Hezbollah (KH) narrative of the April 22 rocket attack on Baghdad Airport. claiming the attack for itself and undercutting a previous KH effort to pretend the attack was a far-fetched conspiracy involving Iraq's Kurds.

If Washington continues to deprioritize the Middle East, Russia will accelerate its convergence with Iran and essentially determine Syria’s future, which could result in a more explicit and dangerous nexus between these actors.

Usbat al-Thaireen (UT) is the earliest known facade group employed by Kataib Hezbollah to thinly veil its culpability in anti-coalition kinetic operations. The groups went inactive in November 2020, probably transforming into the Qasim al-Jabbarin facade, potentially providing an important case study of a facade group's complete life-cycle.