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Articles & Testimony
Libya Is At Its Lowest Point Since 2020
Now that Libya has become an outright kleptocracy—with billions missing from the public treasury and national politics frozen—the Trump administration may need to throw a sanctions “grenade” into the mix.
May 9, 2025
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  • Ben Fishman
Photo of a Syrian soldier clearing landmines in Idlib province.
Video
Brief Analysis
Syria Trip Report: Next Steps for U.S. Policy
Watch or read an in-depth conversation with three experts who have spent weeks on the ground in Syria and met with the interim authorities who toppled the Assad regime.
May 8, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
  • Caroline Rose
  • Gareth Browne
Iranian presidential candidate Masoud Pezeshkian poses in front of a poster of Iranian Supreme Leader Khamenei prior to Iran's 2024 presidential elections - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Pragmatists Open a Window in Tehran—But for How Long?
Regime officials and the Supreme Leader himself have signaled a willingness to make unprecedented concessions, but taking advantage of this opening will require careful U.S. messaging on counterterrorism, regional deterrence, and human rights.
May 7, 2025
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  • Hamdi Malik
Brief Analysis
How to Ensure the PLO Meeting Goes Beyond Token Reforms
Although President Abbas seems more focused on meeting diplomatic expectations abroad than dealing with burning issues at home, officials should still push him to propose something beyond cosmetic change—both to address the reality in the West Bank and, perhaps, to legitimize the PA’s eventual return to Gaza.
Apr 22, 2025
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  • Neomi Neumann
A member of Jordan's Muslim Brotherhood speaks - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
The Brotherhood May Have Pushed Jordan Too Far This Time
As revelations continue to unfold about the group’s involvement in militant plots, weapons smuggling, and coordination with foreign accomplices, Amman will likely feel obligated to crack down—the question is how much?
Apr 22, 2025
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  • Ghaith al-Omari
Iranian women display their national flag at a soccer game - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Trump Shouldn’t Forget the Iranian People
As nuclear talks proceed, the president should recall his past acknowledgement that respect for human rights and democracy is “an integral component of U.S. national security.”
Apr 12, 2025
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  • Holly Dagres
  • Azadeh Pourzand
  • Kelly Shannon
Syria's interim president Ahmed al-Sharaa meets with Turkey's president Erdogan in Ankara in 2025 - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Between Israel and Turkey, Implications for the New Syria (Part 2)
A former Israeli military official and a Turkey expert discuss what each government wants from Syria, how they can address their most glaring friction points, and what the Trump administration can do to mediate the process.
Apr 10, 2025
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  • Soner Cagaptay
  • Assaf Orion
An Iraqi member of a Shia PMF militia
Brief Analysis
The Danger of Letting Iraq’s PMF Authority Law Pass
The Trump administration needs to quietly but firmly signal Baghdad that enshrining the militia umbrella group as a de facto “Iraqi IRGC” would pose an unacceptable threat to U.S. interests.
Apr 8, 2025
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  • Michael Knights
Fighters of Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), walk together near Baghouz, Deir Al Zor province - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Facilitating the New SDF Agreement Is Key to Stabilizing Syria
The Kurdish-led group has reached important understandings with the new leadership in Damascus, but finalizing and implementing them while resolving points of contention will require further help from the United States and its partners.
Apr 2, 2025
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  • Wladimir van Wilgenburg
Anti-Hamas protesters demonstrate in Gaza in March 2025 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Gaza Protests Can Contribute to Outside Pressure on Hamas
Although the unusually bold demonstrations are unlikely to shake the group’s local control, they have cracked the barrier of fear that Hamas nurtured inside Gaza and offer an opportunity to amplify alternative Palestinian voices.
Mar 27, 2025
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  • Neomi Neumann
  • Nikhil Samuel
An Iraqi member of a Shia PMF militia
Brief Analysis
Iraq’s PMF Law Is No Substitute for Real Security Reform
The Trump administration should not be duped by the supposed “reforms” that militia leaders are considering in parliament, which threaten to turn the PMF into another Iranian “Revolutionary Guard” and keep U.S.-designated terrorists in key posts.
Mar 17, 2025
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  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
Photo showing Gaza residents spinning sparklers at the start of Ramadan, March 2025.
Video
Brief Analysis
Gaza Phase 2: Sorting Out the Political and Security Scenarios
What do Palestinians, Israelis, and external players see as the best option for Gaza and its people now that the first phase of the ceasefire is complete?
Mar 14, 2025
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  • Neomi Neumann
  • Harel Chorev
  • Tamar Hermann
  • Ghaith al-Omari
  • David Schenker
The Syria Breakdown Series Title Card
Video
Articles & Testimony
Hope for al-Hol? The Syria Breakdown, Episode Six
Does Syria's transition away from Assad regime tyranny offer hope for closing detention camps, which have been home to thousands of internally displaced persons and Islamic State supporters?
Mar 13, 2025
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  • Devorah Margolin
◆ The Syria Breakdown
Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas and U.S. president Donald Trump at the White House - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Resetting U.S. Relations with the Palestinian Authority?
After boycotting Trump in his first term, Ramallah now seeks to improve the relationship, giving Washington an opening to address the PA’s shortcomings without distracting from other Middle East priorities.
Mar 12, 2025
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  • Ghaith al-Omari
Syria's interim leader, Ahmed al-Sharaa, addresses soldiers loyal to the new regime - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Enough with the Hand-Wringing: Al-Sharaa Is Better Than Assad
Despite well-founded worries about the rise of an Islamist government in Syria, the new rulers cannot be any worse than the previous regime—especially now that they are largely disarmed and disinclined to partner with U.S. adversaries like Iran and Russia.
Mar 11, 2025
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  • David Schenker
A Syrian man points at bullet holes in a window of a hospital in Jableh town, 25 km south of Latakia, following a spate of violence between Syrian security forces and insurgents loyal to deposed president Bashar al-Assad - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Syria’s Transitional Honeymoon Is Over After Massacres and Disinformation
Amid mounting civilian deaths and rampant disinformation, the conduct of Syria’s fact-finding committee will either make or break the new government’s legitimacy and the prospects for a stable transition.
Mar 10, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Syrian civilians celebrate the fall of the Assad regime in downtown Damascus in December 2024 - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Inside the New Syria: The First Three Months
Activists and experts from Syria, Europe, and Washington share on-the-ground insights about how the post-Assad transition is going and where local grievances might erupt into bigger problems.
Mar 7, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
  • Gregory Waters
  • Sawsan Abou Zainedin
  • Ferhad Ahma
  • Rahaf Aldoughli
Iranians shop in a Tehran market ahead of Nowruz celelbrations in 2024 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Iran’s Sour National Mood Could Complicate U.S. Engagement
When it comes to fixing serious problems with the economy, energy, and other sectors, the reformists have been just as ineffective as the hardliners, eroding any legitimacy they might claim to reopen nuclear negotiations with Washington.
Mar 6, 2025
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  • Patrick Clawson
Map of Syria, sanctions "tape," new Syrian flag, Bashar al-Assad, Ahmed al-Sharaa (Muhammad al-Jolani)
In-Depth Reports
Navigating the Syria Sanctions Conundrum
Washington should act quickly to facilitate transactions for key sectors such as electricity, food, and rubble removal, lest public discontent lead to widespread protests and possibly government collapse.
Mar 5, 2025
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  • Matthew Levitt
Sunbathers gather on Al-Baida beach in Lebanon - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Trump Should Aim for a “Riviera” in Lebanon
Beirut stands at the goal line of a major win for the Middle East, but only if America quarterbacks the last push.
Mar 3, 2025
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Zohar Palti

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Supported by the

Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Senior Fellow and managing editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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