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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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A Tunisian maritime patrol boat intercepts a migrant boat in the Mediterranean - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Tunisia Shows How Europe’s Approach to Migration Is Untenable
To stem the growing threat of instability, European governments must develop a strategy to humanely address the migration crisis, both by reexamining their own policies and by pressing Tunisia to create a path for regularization of incoming sub-Saharan Africans.
Feb 7, 2025
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  • Sarah Yerkes
  • Sabina Henneberg
The Syria Breakdown Series Title Card
Video
Articles & Testimony
The Syria Breakdown, Episode Four: Revolutionary Rebuilding and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)
What are the risks and potential rewards for Washington and its partners working with the new government of Syria, which is led by members of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)?
Feb 6, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Articles & Testimony
How Hezbollah Ends: A Better Lebanon Is Possible
Weakening Hezbollah permanently will be difficult, but for once the goal is attainable—if Beirut has the courage to keep the group out of Lebanon’s coffers and make the army do its job.
Feb 4, 2025
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
Lebanonese prime minister Nawaf Salam speaks to the press in January 2025 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Lebanon’s New Prime Minister Approaches the Next Crossroads on Hezbollah
Salam has promised to enforce accountability and implement the ceasefire with Israel; independent Shia cabinet ministers can help him reach those goals while showing there is an alternative to Hezbollah.
Jan 21, 2025
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Ehud Yaari
Newly elected Lebanese president Joseph Aoun reviews soldiers at the presidential palace in Beirut - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Will Lebanon’s New Leaders Walk the Walk?
The new president and prime minister do not have a strong track record of confronting Hezbollah, but Washington should still be bold in supporting their stated commitments to reform, disarmament, and economic recovery.
Jan 16, 2025
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  • David Schenker
Video
Brief Analysis
Lebanon Ceasefire: Status and Prospects of the Israel-Hezbollah Truce
Watch or read remarks from a former LAF general, the IDF’s former head of strategic planning, and an expert Lebanon analyst during a new series of virtual panels held by The Washington Institute.
Jan 13, 2025
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  • Khalil Helou
  • Tal Kelman
  • Hanin Ghaddar
Articles & Testimony
Lebanon Headed Towards Promised Sovereignty
Choosing a reform-minded president would be a good first step, but absent a concerted effort to consolidate the setbacks to Hezbollah, the organization will simply reassert its murderous grip.
Jan 8, 2025
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  • David Schenker
A fighter from Syria's de-facto post-Assad government checks a civilian's identity documents after a curfew was imposed in the Alawite-majority city of Homs in December 2024 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Alawites Under Threat in Syria?
At a time when Westerners are questioning the Islamist takeover in Damascus, Sunni Arab treatment of the Assad family’s broader Alawite base will offer insights into the nascent government’s true stance on religious tolerance, transitional justice, and state-building.
Dec 31, 2024
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  • Fabrice Balanche
Syrian rebel leader Abu Mohammed al-Jolana speaks on the phone during the campaign to take Damascus in December 2024 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Washington Returns to Damascus with High Stakes for Syria’s Transition
The delegation’s findings on key political and security issues will have a major impact on future U.S. engagement with Syria’s new leaders, including the decision on whether or not to remove sanctions.
Dec 20, 2024
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Syrians celebrate the fall of the Assad regime in Majdal Shams - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Building a Post-Assad Syria: How to Ensure the Process Reflects the Will of the People
Syrian civil society figures join a former U.S. official to discuss local sentiments on the ground and assess the daunting challenges of building a better state.
Dec 20, 2024
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  • Andrew J. Tabler
  • Ibrahim Al-Assil
  • Farouq Habib
  • Rafif Jouejati
  • Mahmoud Meslat
The Syria Breakdown Series Title Card
Video
Articles & Testimony
The Syria Breakdown, Episode One: Why Assad Fell
In the first episode of the Institute’s Syria Breakdown series, Syria analyst Andrew Tabler explains the domestic and foreign factors that led to the Assad government’s rapid demise.
Dec 19, 2024
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  • Andrew J. Tabler
◆ The Syria Breakdown
CMC head
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Iraq's Militia-Led Communications Commission Clamps Down on Press Coverage of Security Issues
The CMC's latest restrictions on press freedoms indicate that Iran-backed groups fear they could be ousted from power much like Bashar al-Assad next door.
Dec 16, 2024
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  • Hamdi Malik
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
◆ Militia Spotlight
Articles & Testimony
Hezbollah Post October 7—Beaten But Still Dangerous
The group has been greatly diminished by a year of war, but the Lebanese people won’t feel the difference unless the international community pushes Beirut and the LAF to reestablish trust and authority.
Dec 10, 2024
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
Articles & Testimony
Why Al-Assad Fell
The dictator’s rigidity at the negotiating table and within Syrian society left him with scant support when he needed it most, giving Washington a window for pushing a Syrian-led transition and cutting Iran’s axis for good.
Dec 10, 2024
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  • Andrew J. Tabler
Iranian presidential candidate Masoud Pezeshkian poses in front of a poster of Iranian Supreme Leader Khamenei prior to Iran's 2024 presidential elections - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Iran’s New Presidency
Policymakers would be wise to view Pezeshkian’s rise not as a development that will change Iran, but as a reflection of a regime that is struggling to stave off domestic troubles.
Dec 10, 2024
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  • Michael Singh
A soldier from Iraq's Counter Terrorism Service participates in a joint training exercise with U.S. colleagues - source: U.S. Department of Defense
Brief Analysis
How Washington Can Salvage Iraq’s Counter Terrorism Service
CTS is the most successful U.S. partner force in Iraq, which is why Iran-backed terrorist groups are trying to penetrate and corrupt it.
Dec 3, 2024
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  • Michael Knights
People queue for bread in rebel-occupied Aleppo in December 2024 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
How Syria’s ‘Diversity-Friendly’ Jihadists Plan on Building a State
As the group consolidates control in newly seized Aleppo, its leader is seeking to allay fears among minorities, pro-Assad residents, and skeptical Western officials alike.
Dec 3, 2024
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Imed Khemiri, a senior official in the Ennahda party and member of the Salvation Front (L) takes part in a protest, demanding the release of imprisoned journalists, activists, opposition figures and setting a date for fair presidential elections in Tunis, Tunisia May 12, 2024 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
How Autocracy Prevailed in Tunisia
Any future democratic renewal will require an entirely new movement that goes much further toward addressing the country’s deepest economic and social injustices.
Nov 4, 2024
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  • Sarah Yerkes
  • Sabina Henneberg
Brief Analysis
Egypt’s Economic Reforms Must Continue
Since receiving $57 billion earlier this year, Cairo has enacted several reforms and named a new economic team, but President Sisi must allow for additional improvements.
Oct 30, 2024
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  • Ben Fishman
Brief Analysis
Countering Hamas’s Shadow Governance in Gaza
Hamas is well aware that sustaining its grip on civilian spaces is crucial to preserving its dominance in the Palestinian arena after the war, so the international community must urgently lay the groundwork for an alternative governance structure.
Oct 25, 2024
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  • Devorah Margolin
  • Neomi Neumann

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Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Senior Fellow and managing editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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