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North Africa

Policy Analysis on North Africa

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Illustration of the Algerian and Russian flags
Brief Analysis
Algeria-Russia Relations After the Ukraine Invasion
The North African country has maintained a close rapport with its traditional security partner, but a perpetual desire for balance and autonomy could offer opportunities for Western countries, including the United States.
May 18, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Grant Rumley
  • Erik Yavorsky
Tunisia's King Mohammed VI addresses the Tunisian parliament
Articles & Testimony
Tunisia Can “Bounce Back” from Authoritarianism with Proper Support
Other countries that have restored democratic norms in recent years have seen progress in five distinct areas.
May 16, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Sarah Yerkes
A bread seller in Cairo walks past a sign promoting President Sisi - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Is Egypt Headed Toward Collapse?
The country has been described as “too big to fail,” but further deterioration is possible amid mounting debt, major inflation, and delayed military divestment.
May 5, 2023
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  • David Schenker
Articles & Testimony
How the United States Can—and Should—Continue to Support Tunisia
Washington may be tempted to give up after the country’s democratic backsliding; instead, it should take targeted, supportive actions that have worked in other cases.
May 4, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Sarah Yerkes
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Political Rights and Civil Liberties in the Middle East: Trends in Freedom House Data Since 2010
The organization’s latest report showed persistent backsliding last year and since the Arab Spring, along with dramatic drops in a handful of countries and warnings of further drops next year.
Apr 27, 2023
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  • Camille Jablonski
A Sudanese protester against military rule
Brief Analysis
The Fighting in Sudan Threatens Peace Efforts with Israel
Even if another civil war is averted, the delay in signing a peace agreement has provided room for the rise of political factions that oppose further relations with Israel.
Apr 21, 2023
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  • Ehud Yaari
Photo of Israelis in Tel Aviv protesting proposed judiciary changes, February 2023.
Brief Analysis
Regional Reactions to Israel’s Protests
Many Middle Eastern outlets have used the crisis to reinforce their inflammatory rhetoric, but some have provided nuanced analysis through the lenses of democratic principles and Arab-Israel peace.
Apr 12, 2023
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  • Frances McDonough
Brief Analysis
China’s Presence in Tunisia: How Far Has It Come, and Where Is It Headed?
Tunisia’s structural roadblocks, public skepticism, and ongoing domestic crises have combined to limit its relationship with China, leaving Beijing unable to jumpstart its typical large-scale projects and investments.
Apr 6, 2023
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  • Louis Dugit-Gros
  • Sabina Henneberg
Egypt market
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Egyptians Face a Difficult Holy Month This Ramadan as Food Prices Skyrocket
Runaway inflation, currency devaluation, and unprecedented foreign debt could make this holiday the most challenging one in years, especially for low-income households.
Apr 3, 2023
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  • Mohamed Abdelaziz
Articles & Testimony
Neglect for Human Rights Helped Produce the Crisis in Tunisia
Rampant corruption and economic instability facilitated Saied’s takeover, but Western governments need to recognize that these ills stem from deeper human rights problems such as unchecked police brutality, erosion of freedoms, and lack of respect for due process.
Mar 17, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Articles & Testimony
Four Possible Scenarios for Tunisia’s Political Crisis
As waves of protest rock the country following mass arrests of political opponents, what will happen next?
Mar 14, 2023
◆
  • Karim Mezran
  • Sabina Henneberg
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Saied’s Tunisia Is Politicizing Counterterrorism Again
His government is using CT tools to go after the political opposition, but the ongoing lull in jihadist activity may give Washington some breathing room to press him on these issues.
Mar 9, 2023
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Brief Analysis
Changing Egyptian-Turkish Dynamics May Create Opportunities for Libya
Turkey’s tragic earthquake and Egypt’s economic crisis may lead both governments to ease their conflicts over Libya.
Feb 21, 2023
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  • Ben Fishman
Negev Forum
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Morocco, Israel, and the Future of the Negev Forum
Morocco is preparing to host the upcoming Negev Forum summit, an opportunity for the Kingdom to expand economic ties and bridge regional divides.
Feb 16, 2023
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  • Mohamed Chtatou
Burns Visit Libya
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Takeaways from William Burns’ Surprise Visit to Libya
Burns met with both Dbeibeh and Haftar, likely to discuss key U.S. concerns such as the Lockerbie case, energy security, and terrorism.
Feb 13, 2023
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  • Mohamed Eljarh
Algeria Oil
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Energy Geopolitics of North Africa
The longstanding regional rivalry between Morocco and Algeria has taken on new meaning as the two countries vie for energy partnerships in Europe.
Feb 9, 2023
◆
  • Nashat Shawamreh
A bread seller in Cairo walks past a sign promoting President Sisi - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Egypt’s Economic Freefall Provides an Opening for U.S. Assistance—and Leverage
Given the tall task of managing public dissent and meeting IMF reform requirements without angering his military base, President Sisi may be more willing to shift his problematic stances on human rights and foreign policy.
Jan 26, 2023
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  • Ben Fishman
French President Macron and Moroccan King Mohammed VI in Rabat - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
France’s Balancing Act: Mending Relations and Ending Moroccan Visa Restrictions
A recently announced visa decision and a presidential visit to Rabat indicate France’s eagerness to regain its diplomatic position in the region.
Jan 25, 2023
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  • Frances McDonough
  • Sabina Henneberg
Video
Brief Analysis
Civil Society in Tunisia: Resetting Western Policy Expectations
Three experts discuss the relevance and focus of Western efforts to nurture reform in post-revolutionary Tunisia amid recent democratic backsliding by President Saied.
Jan 25, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Amy Hawthorne
  • Jean-Louis Romanet Perroux
Tunisian demonstrators outside the general union building (UGTT), June 2022
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Civil Society in Tunisia:
Resetting Expectations
Reduced U.S. support need not mean abandoning Tunisians or democratization, and can center on directing limited funds more intentionally.
Jan 23, 2023
◆
  • Sabina Henneberg

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Robert Satloff - source: The Washington Institute
Robert Satloff
Robert Satloff is the Segal Executive Director of The Washington Institute, a post he assumed in January 1993.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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