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North Africa

Policy Analysis on North Africa

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Algeria Oil
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Energy Geopolitics of North Africa
The longstanding regional rivalry between Morocco and Algeria has taken on new meaning as the two countries vie for energy partnerships in Europe.
Feb 9, 2023
◆
  • Nashat Shawamreh
A bread seller in Cairo walks past a sign promoting President Sisi - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Egypt’s Economic Freefall Provides an Opening for U.S. Assistance—and Leverage
Given the tall task of managing public dissent and meeting IMF reform requirements without angering his military base, President Sisi may be more willing to shift his problematic stances on human rights and foreign policy.
Jan 26, 2023
◆
  • Ben Fishman
French President Macron and Moroccan King Mohammed VI in Rabat - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
France’s Balancing Act: Mending Relations and Ending Moroccan Visa Restrictions
A recently announced visa decision and a presidential visit to Rabat indicate France’s eagerness to regain its diplomatic position in the region.
Jan 25, 2023
◆
  • Frances McDonough
  • Sabina Henneberg
Video
Brief Analysis
Civil Society in Tunisia: Resetting Western Policy Expectations
Three experts discuss the relevance and focus of Western efforts to nurture reform in post-revolutionary Tunisia amid recent democratic backsliding by President Saied.
Jan 25, 2023
◆
  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Amy Hawthorne
  • Jean-Louis Romanet Perroux
Tunisian demonstrators outside the general union building (UGTT), June 2022
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Civil Society in Tunisia:
Resetting Expectations
Reduced U.S. support need not mean abandoning Tunisians or democratization, and can center on directing limited funds more intentionally.
Jan 23, 2023
◆
  • Sabina Henneberg
Crown Prince Muhammad and President Xi walking in Riyadh.
Brief Analysis
Assessing Xi Jinping’s Middle East Trip
His discussions on nuclear proliferation, energy markets, defense cooperation, and other issues offered numerous contrasts with President Biden’s summer meetings in Saudi Arabia—as well as some unexpected criticism of Iran.
Dec 22, 2022
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  • Grant Rumley
  • Carol Silber
  • Eric Feely
  • Sarah Cahn
  • Sude Akgundogdu
  • Lauren von Thaden
  • Faris Almaari
U.S. and Algerian flags at the U.S. Embassy in Algiers - source: U.S. government
Brief Analysis
Bolstering U.S.-Algeria Relations Amid the Africa Leaders Summit
At a time when Algerian military cooperation with Russia is growing and African counterterrorism challenges are proliferating, Washington cannot afford to take the relationship for granted.
Dec 15, 2022
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Biden Summit for Democracy 2021, Tunisia media protesters, Egyptian democracy workshop
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Reexamining U.S. Aid to the Middle East:
Ideas for Advancing Both Governance and Democracy
Massive U.S. investment has failed to improve outcomes since the Arab Spring uprisings. A more targeted, sensitive approach could yield better results and promote regional stability.
Dec 14, 2022
◆
  • Ben Fishman
◆ Reform, Protest, Change
A supporter of Tunisia's Islamist Ennahda Party protests against the Tunisian president's 2022 coup - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Tunisia: Caught Between the IMF and International Isolation
In the absence of strong international support, Tunisians have been left to face the worsening political and economic crises on their own
Dec 12, 2022
◆
  • Maher Latif
Brief Analysis
Tunisians Pessimistic Ahead of Parliamentary Election
Socioeconomic unrest is growing in many parts of the country, and the series of elections planned this month and next year hold little prospect of bolstering public confidence in an increasingly autocratic government.
Dec 2, 2022
◆
  • Sabina Henneberg
President Joe Biden waves from the steps of Air Force One - source: White House photo
Brief Analysis
Biden Heads to Egypt Amid Economic Protests and Libyan Gridlock
Although climate issues will by definition headline the latest COP summit, Egypt’s human rights record, simmering protest movement, and questionable policies in neighboring Libya will provide plenty of additional fodder for Biden’s discussions with Sisi.
Nov 10, 2022
◆
  • David Schenker
  • Ben Fishman
A cargo ship carrying Ukrainian grain passes through the Bosphorus - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
MENA Countries Stand to Lose the Most If the Ukraine Grain Initiative Falters
Russia will continue using the Black Sea corridors as leverage, so Western countries and their partners should prepare alternative routes and other assistance as counter-leverage.
Nov 8, 2022
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  • Anna Borshchevskaya
  • Louis Dugit-Gros
  • Sabina Henneberg
Map of U.S. Army operations in Operation Torch, 1942 - source: U.S. Army
Articles & Testimony
From Torch to Tunis to El Alamein: Events 80 Years Ago Made the Modern Middle East
The second week of November 1942 has much to tell us about the region’s geopolitical centrality, its enduring political currents, and its role in the future of the Jewish people—not to mention the evolution of American foreign policy.
Nov 6, 2022
◆
  • Robert Satloff
US Army soldiers meet local civilians in Morocco during Operation Torch in November 1942 - source: U.S. Army
Video
Brief Analysis
From Torch to Tunis to El Alamein: The Most Important Forgotten Week in Modern Middle East History
Watch an expert conversation on the pivotal week in WWII whose events continue to shape the modern Middle East.
November 7, 2022
◆
  • Mehnaz Afridi
  • Aomar Boum
  • Martin Cüppers
  • Haim Saadoun
Brief Analysis
What to Expect (or Not) from the Arab League Summit
Participants will probably issue potent-sounding statements on Iran, oil production, and other key issues, but their rhetoric is unlikely to result in any substantive policy shifts or internal dispute resolution.
Oct 24, 2022
◆
  • Sabina Henneberg
  • David Schenker
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Will Haftar’s Heir Be an Ally of the Russians or the Americans?
As Libya's political dynamics continue to change, Washington's next moves are more important than ever.
Oct 21, 2022
◆
  • Khalil El Hasse
Brief Analysis
The UN Resolution Against Russia’s Ukraine Annexations: How Did the Middle East Vote?
Most of the region supported the measure, with one nay vote, a pair of notable changes since the March resolution, and several strong statements in support of territorial integrity.
Oct 18, 2022
Articles & Testimony
Ten Years After Benghazi: Getting Past Groundhog Day
Of all the conflict-riven countries in the Middle East, Libya still has the greatest potential for resolution in a way that could benefit the wider region, Europe, and the United States.
October-November 2022
◆
  • Ben Fishman
Currency exchange prices on display
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
SDR Allocations in the Middle East: Helpful, but No Silver Bullet
Various governments have made good use of last year’s unprecedented IMF allocation, but the Ukraine war, ongoing debt issues, and other economic problems are a reminder that the region cannot sidestep deeper reforms indefinitely.
Sep 20, 2022
◆
  • Jonah Shrock
Fair-Observer-Arab-NATO-Middle-East-politics-Iran-news-GCC-news
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Middle East NATO: From Fiction to Fact
In light of increased regional tensions, the idea of a Middle East NATO is becoming more and more realistic, this time with the possibility of Israeli-Arab cooperation.
Sep 14, 2022
◆
  • Mohamed Chtatou

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Robert Satloff - source: The Washington Institute
Robert Satloff
Robert Satloff is the Segal Executive Director of The Washington Institute, a post he assumed in January 1993.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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