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Proliferation

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A photo illustration shows US and Iranian flags and an atomic symbol - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Back to the Table? Recommendations for Negotiations with Iran
A compilation of views on the next round of prospective talks with Iran, sanctions relief options, military and technical considerations, the international role, and more.
Jun 27, 2025
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  • Dennis Ross
  • Richard Nephew
  • Farzin Nadimi
  • Patrick Clawson
  • Michael Singh
  • Grant Rumley
  • Anna Borshchevskaya
Video
Brief Analysis
After the "Hammer": Postwar Opportunities and Risks for U.S. Policy in the Middle East
Join us for an expert webcast examining potential next steps for the Trump administration in the Middle East. Watch live starting at 1:00 p.m. EDT (1700 GMT) on Monday, June 30, 2025.
June 30, 2025, starting at 1:00 p.m. EDT (1700 GMT)
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  • Robert Satloff
  • Mona Yacoubian
  • Richard Nephew
Video
Brief Analysis
Energy and Economic Implications of the Iran-Israel Conflict
Watch a webcast with three energy-sector experts as they explore the economic impacts of recent hostilities between Iran, Israel, and the United States.
Jun 26, 2025
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  • Homayoun Falakshahi
  • Jennifer Gnana
  • Gregory Brew
Brief Analysis
Iran’s Retaliation: Choreography, Escalation Management, and the Mirage of “All-Out” War
Fears of an “all-out” war with Iran have been greatly overstated, and they fail to account for the Islamic Republic’s overriding desire to avoid such an outcome and the diverse repertoire it has developed to prevent one.
Jun 25, 2025
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
A USAF B-2 Spirit bomber refuels in flight - source: Department of Defense
Video
Brief Analysis
U.S. Attacks Iranian Nuclear Sites: Implications for Israel, the Middle East, and U.S. Policy
Two veteran U.S. officials join a former Israeli ambassador to discuss the effects and future consequences of the Trump administration’s decision to strike Iran’s nuclear program.
Jun 25, 2025
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  • Dana Stroul
  • Michael Herzog
  • Dennis Ross
  • Robert Satloff
A highway bridge in Tehran displays images of nuclear scientists killed during Israeli strikes against Iran in June 2025 - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
The Bigger Picture in the Iran-Israel Conflict: Russia, Missiles, Militias, and More
Four experts assess how outside players might respond to the showdown, and whether Tehran will switch up its calculus on procurement, attack tactics, and other military matters as the fight goes on.
Jun 23, 2025
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  • Anna Borshchevskaya
  • Michael Knights
  • Farzin Nadimi
  • Assaf Orion
Brief Analysis
What Nuclear Restrictions Would Be Required for a Viable Iran-Israel Ceasefire?
The most important restrictions include measures like permanently dismantling enrichment infrastructure and properly disposing of key materials and equipment, but policymakers need to be clear-eyed about the inherent limitations of even the strictest verification agreement.
Jun 20, 2025
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  • Richard Nephew
  • Patrick Clawson
Nuclear centrifuges in Iran
Articles & Testimony
The United States May Destroy the Fordow Enrichment Plant. It Won’t Make the Iranian Nuclear Threat Go Away.
The risk of nuclear breakout is probably greater today than before Israel’s military campaign, and simply taking out Fordow would not stop the regime from using suspected secret sites to produce nuclear weapons.
Jun 17, 2025
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  • Richard Nephew
Articles & Testimony
Why Israel’s Attack on Iran Has Been a Success
Just as with the Hezbollah missile threat in Lebanon, completely eliminating the Iranian nuclear threat is not the best yardstick for Israel’s current campaign.
Jun 17, 2025
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  • Matthew Levitt
Emergency crews work at the scene of an Israeli air strike in Tehran in June 2025 - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
From Diplomacy to Military Force: The Future of Iran’s Nuclear Program
U.S. and Israeli experts assess the quickly evolving situation as the IDF continues striking targets across the country, Tehran retaliates with missile salvos, and the international community mulls how best to contain the crisis.
Jun 17, 2025
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Zohar Palti
  • Dennis Ross
  • Dana Stroul
A sign in Tehran displays images of officials in Iran's nuclear program killed in Israeli airstrikes in June 2025 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Can Israel Destroy Iran’s Nuclear Program?
A closer look at the technical indicators that experts and officials will be looking for to determine whether Israel’s campaign is setting the program back, and how much.
Jun 14, 2025
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  • Richard Nephew
Brief Analysis
Israel Strikes Iran: Initial Assessments from Washington Institute Experts
A compilation of analyses on the military and nuclear impact of Israel’s initial strikes, Tehran’s response options, the Trump administration’s next steps, public reactions inside Iran, and more.
Jun 13, 2025
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  • Matthew Levitt
  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Patrick Clawson
  • Dana Stroul
  • Holly Dagres
  • David Schenker
Chinese and Iraqi flags fly in Beijing during a state visit - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Iraq Pledges Nuclear Cooperation with Russia and China
A cabinet minister and senior member of the Iran-backed terrorist organization Asaib Ahl al-Haq recently announced nuclear cooperation deals with two U.S. adversaries.
Jun 11, 2025
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  • Michael Knights
Brief Analysis
An “Enrichment Consortium” Is No Panacea for the Iran Nuclear Dilemma
The United States should recognize consortia concepts for what they are: face-saving steps rather than cure-alls for the nonproliferation problems created by Iran’s nuclear activities.
Jun 5, 2025
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  • Richard Nephew
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Nuclear Talks and Iran’s Missile Program: Addressing the Overlooked Arsenal
Given Iran’s unchecked missile buildup since the last nuclear deal, any future agreement should include enforceable limits on the development and stockpiling of long-range missiles to ensure lasting regional security and nonproliferation.
Jun 3, 2025
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  • Farzin Nadimi
Iranian foreign minister Abbas Araghchi in 2025 - source: Foreign Ministry of Iran
Brief Analysis
Iran’s Foreign Minister Knows How to Speak Trump’s Language—Literally
In a bid to appease—and manipulate—the pioneer of “Twitter diplomacy,” Iran’s chief nuclear negotiator has adopted President Trump’s social media style while seeking favorable terms for the next big deal.
May 30, 2025
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  • Holly Dagres
A man holds a newspaper featuring a photograph of U.S. President Trump and his Middle East advisor, Steve Witkoff, in Tehran - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Is a Good Iran Deal Possible?
If carefully negotiated and given enough time to demonstrate results, a new deal could prevent a crisis in the near term and create a foundation for regional stability down the road.
May 26, 2025
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  • Richard Nephew
A sign and mural in Tehran promote the Fatteh missile and threaten Israel with the slogan "400 Seconds to Tel Aviv" - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
A Potential "Interim" Iran Nuclear Deal Sounds Great, But It Isn’t
Now is the time to exert Washington's greatly expanded leverage, forcing Tehran to choose between a painful future with enrichment and other subversive tools in its arsenal or a hopeful future without them.
May 21, 2025
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  • Robert Satloff
Iranian presidential candidate Masoud Pezeshkian poses in front of a poster of Iranian Supreme Leader Khamenei prior to Iran's 2024 presidential elections - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Pragmatists Open a Window in Tehran—But for How Long?
Regime officials and the Supreme Leader himself have signaled a willingness to make unprecedented concessions, but taking advantage of this opening will require careful U.S. messaging on counterterrorism, regional deterrence, and human rights.
May 7, 2025
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  • Hamdi Malik
An Iranian soldier wearing an IRGC uniform salutes in front of an Iranin flag - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Ending Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Program Is Not Enough
Tehran cannot enjoy the economic benefits it seeks while under sanction, but some sanctions will necessarily remain in place as long as it continues sponsoring terrorism, leaving negotiators with little choice but to address issues beyond the nuclear program.
Apr 25, 2025
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  • Matthew Levitt

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Featured experts

Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson is the Morningstar Senior Fellow and Research Counselor at The Washington Institute.
Michael Singh
Michael Singh
Michael Singh is the Managing Director and Lane-Swig Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker Senior Fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Henry Rome
Henry Rome
Henry Rome was a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, specializing in Iran sanctions, economic, and nuclear issues.
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