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Energy & Economics

Policy Analysis on Energy & Economics

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Brief Analysis
Expanding C-SIPA to Britain Signals Continued Commitment to Integration
By adding Britain ahead of Trump’s inauguration, the parties hope to sustain the agreement’s vision of building an integrated defense structure and forming a network of trusted partners for economic and technological development.
Dec 9, 2024
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  • Elizabeth Dent
Brief Analysis
Mismanagement Makes Iran Vulnerable to a Different Type of U.S. Pressure
The country faces shortages of gasoline, natural gas, and electricity that make it newly susceptible to pressure against its oil product imports, not just its oil exports.
Dec 4, 2024
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  • Patrick Clawson
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Gulf Energy Transition: Assessing Saudi and Emirati Goals
The energy transition in both countries includes a continued need for fossil fuels while reducing emissions—though Riyadh hopes to export “all forms of energy” down the road, and Abu Dhabi seeks nuclear advances to meet power demand.
Nov 8, 2024
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  • Noam Raydan
Articles & Testimony
Gulf Leaders: "Welcome Back Donald, It’s Time to Get Down to Business"
Many leaders seem eager for the return of a U.S. administration that has shown a predilection for encouraging big business ties—though the ten weeks before Inauguration Day will be fraught with risks of new or escalated regional crises.
Nov 7, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
Egypt’s Economic Reforms Must Continue
Since receiving $57 billion earlier this year, Cairo has enacted several reforms and named a new economic team, but President Sisi must allow for additional improvements.
Oct 30, 2024
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  • Ben Fishman
EU vessel participating in Operation Aspides against the Houthis.
Maps & Graphics
The Ship Operators Shrugging Off Houthi Attacks
While major operators will continue to avoid the Red Sea in 2025, others are launching new services in the high-risk waterway, including some that manage China-linked vessels.
Oct 16, 2024
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  • Noam Raydan
◆ Maritime Spotlight
Energy war
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Deciphering Iraqi Militia Threats of an Energy War
Nujaba and Kataib Hezbollah have warned they will attack energy facilities in the Gulf and elsewhere, but how serious are these threats?
Oct 15, 2024
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  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Brief Analysis
Why Israel Should Focus on Iranian Military and Security Targets, Not Oil Infrastructure
Despite significant vulnerabilities, the redundancies in Iran’s energy production would limit the effects of any strike, while the consequences for Israeli, Gulf, and global energy markets could be significant.
Oct 11, 2024
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  • Farzin Nadimi
  • Simon Henderson
Iraqi flag
Brief Analysis
Turkey Wants to Stitch Iraq and Syria Back Together (Part 2)
Ankara’s push for “soft recentralization” in Iraq will likely include more intensive efforts to establish the Development Road and prioritize Baghdad’s interests, though without abandoning the Kurdistan Region.
Oct 8, 2024
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Riyadh Skyline
Brief Analysis
Saudi Arabia Signals Oil Policy Shift
The kingdom anticipates and accepts lower oil prices, according to a news report, but the impact on other producers could be comparatively damaging.
Sep 27, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
UAE President Sheikh Mohamed walks with U.S. President Joe Biden at the White House in September 2024 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
UAE President’s White House Visit Is About Much More Than Mere Formalities
Besides strengthening both countries’ economies, the visit represents a new model of international partnership where traditional alliances intersect with cutting-edge innovation.
Sep 21, 2024
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  • Nickolay Mladenov
UAE President Muhammad bin Zayed - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
MbZ Visits Washington: Meeting Agendas and Regional Implications
The Emirati leader will likely focus on the future of bilateral economic and technological integration, but discussions will also cover sensitive matters such as great-power concerns over China and Russia, regional nuclear proliferation, and a potential role for his country in postwar Gaza.
Sep 20, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
  • Elizabeth Dent
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken meets Bahrain's Crown Prince and Prime Minister, Prince Salman bin Hamad al-Khalifa in Riffa, Bahrain - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
U.S.-Bahrain Ties One Year After the Strategic Partnership Agreement
Two veteran ambassadors discuss bilateral efforts in the security, economic, and technology sectors, noting the agreement’s potential as a template for other countries in the region.
Sep 11, 2024
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  • Steven C. Bondy
  • Sheikh Abdulla bin Rashid Al Khalifa
A Chevron gas platform in the Mediterranean Sea's Aphrodite gas field off the coast of Cyprus - source: Chevron
Brief Analysis
East Med Politics May Further Delay Cyprus Gas
The island has objected to Chevron’s export proposals with Egypt and might look for other partners.
Sep 5, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
Central Bank of Libya headquarters building - source: Wikimedia Commons
Articles & Testimony
Banks Not Bullets: A New War Front Opens Up in Libya
Previous civil war combatants are now fighting a financial and resource war over the country’s vast wealth, but Washington and UNSMIL can still exert more leverage than other players if they so choose.
Sep 4, 2024
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  • Ben Fishman
The crude oil tanker Sounion burns in the Red Sea after an attack by Houthi forces in Yemen - source: EUNAVFOR
Brief Analysis
Five Lessons from the Sounion Salvage Crisis in the Red Sea
The United States and its partners should take several immediate steps to avoid an environmental disaster, counter the Houthi spin about the incident, and prevent the group from creating other hazmat emergencies in the Red Sea.
Aug 29, 2024
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  • Noam Raydan
Central Bank of Libya headquarters building - source: Wikimedia Commons
Articles & Testimony
All of Libya Held Hostage by Gunmen Targeting the Central Bank
A political and literal fight over Libya's top financial institution could enable Russia to enjoy the spoils of war without having to fight one.
Aug 22, 2024
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  • Ben Fishman
A Russia-linked ship on the Red Sea.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Even After Houthi Attacks, Russia-Linked Tankers Return to Red Sea
The operators are either accepting risk on a vital transport route or else no longer concerned about perceptions about their vessels’ past links to Britain.
Aug 22, 2024
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  • Noam Raydan
◆ Maritime Spotlight
Secretary of State Antony Blinken shakes hands with Bahraini crown prince and prime minister Salman bin Hamad al-Khalifa - source: Department of State
Brief Analysis
One Year of the U.S.-Bahrain C-SIPA: Signs of Progress, Regional Potential
The progress the two partners have made through C-SIPA offers a fresh model for future U.S. cooperation with other Middle East countries in the security, economic, and technology sectors.
Aug 21, 2024
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  • Elizabeth Dent
Screenshot excerpt of a StoryMap covering maritime attacks in the Middle East.
Maps & Graphics
Articles & Testimony
Tracking Maritime Attacks in the Middle East Since 2019
An interactive map showing the extent to which Houthi forces, their Iranian military patrons, and other actors have been targeting vessels in regional waterways for years, including well before the Hamas-Israel war.
Aug 3, 2024
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Farzin Nadimi
◆ Maritime Spotlight

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Featured experts

Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson is the Morningstar Senior Fellow and Research Counselor at The Washington Institute.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker Senior Fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Henry Rome
Henry Rome
Henry Rome was a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, specializing in Iran sanctions, economic, and nuclear issues.
Michael Singh
Michael Singh
Michael Singh is the Managing Director and Lane-Swig Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
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