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Gulf States

Policy Analysis on Gulf States

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Photo of Chinese and Emirati leaders walking.
Brief Analysis
G42 and the China-UAE-U.S. Triangle
By sharing very specific concerns directly with the United Arab Emirates, the White House and Congress were rewarded with tangible action on a key company’s ties to Beijing—though more such engagement is needed to keep regional partners aware of U.S. risk tolerance.
Apr 3, 2024
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  • Andrew G. Clemmensen
  • Rebecca Redlich
  • Grant Rumley
Photo showing fighters from the Somali terrorist group al-Shabab.
Brief Analysis
Emirati Military Support Is Making a Difference in Somalia
Preserving the UAE's role and synchronizing it with Turkey and Qatar's efforts could be a force multiplier for the Somali government’s offensive against al-Shabab.
Mar 18, 2024
◆
  • Ido Levy
Brief Analysis
The IMF and UAE Swoop In to Ease Egypt’s Economic Crisis
Cairo’s main lender and top Gulf donor have come to the rescue once again, offering major loans, investments, and Central Bank transfers that could halt the country’s latest slide despite short-term consumer pain.
Mar 7, 2024
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  • Ben Fishman
Vice President Joe Biden arrives in Saudi Arabia
Brief Analysis
President Biden’s Middle East Squeeze Play
The end of the Gaza war’s current phase will mark the beginning of a major U.S. diplomatic push that could reshape the Middle East if successful—but the window of opportunity is narrow.
Mar 5, 2024
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  • Michael Singh
The Houthis and the Red Sea video thumbnail image
Video
Articles & Testimony
The Houthis and the Red Sea
In this timely new video, Washington Institute scholars discuss the pre-Gaza predecessors of the latest attack campaign, its widening repercussions on trade, and what will be required to halt it militarily.
Feb 27, 2024
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Michael Knights
Photo of Arab officials meeting to discuss the Gaza crisis, February 2024.
Video
Brief Analysis
From War to Peace? Trip Report from a Middle East Study Tour
Former legislators and administration officials discuss their findings from a recent group trip to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, and the PA.
Feb 27, 2024
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  • Cory Gardner
  • Howard Berman
  • Dana Stroul
  • Ghaith al-Omari
  • Michael Singh
Muscat, Oman
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Oman’s Facilitation Efforts with the Houthis on Hold
While Qatar mediates with Hamas over Gaza, Oman’s facilitation efforts with the Houthis appear to be in abeyance pending recognition that a broader settlement is needed to secure regional stability.
Feb 26, 2024
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  • Jonathan Campbell-James
Israelis protest demanding the release of hostages held by Hamas - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
From War to Peace in the Middle East? Observations from a Regional Tour
The Washington Institute’s executive director reflects on the feasibility of the Biden administration’s current diplomatic plans in the region, based in part on what local officials said during his recent group trip to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, and the PA.
Feb 23, 2024
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  • Robert Satloff
Excerpt from a map of EU maritime missions in the Middle East.
Brief Analysis
The EU’s New Red Sea Naval Mission: Implications and Challenges
The operation is a sign of Europe’s willingness to take action against the current instability, though significant work is needed to coordinate with existing initiatives and convince regional officials of the mission’s usefulness.
Feb 16, 2024
◆
  • Selin Uysal
A Houthi fighter aboard the seized cargo vessel Galaxy Leader - source: Houthi media via Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Countering the Houthi Threat to Shipping: Regional Implications and U.S. Policy
Three experts address the thorny strategic questions arising from attacks on global shipping by the Yemen-based group.
Feb 6, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
  • Michael Knights
  • Noam Raydan
Yemen's Houthis in formation.
Articles & Testimony
How Washington Emboldened the Houthis
Greater decisiveness would have shortened the conflict, lessened the toll on global maritime trade, and reassured U.S. partners in the region and beyond.
Feb 6, 2024
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Grant Rumley
A Palestinian views a building reduced to rubble in Gaza - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
The Road to Peace in Gaza:
A Veteran Negotiator’s Plan
For opportunity to emerge from tragedy, two bridges must be built: one leading from the current situation to the “day after” the war, and a second creating a viable path to a Palestinian state.
Feb 5, 2024
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  • Dennis Ross
Saudi ARAMCO oil storage facility
Brief Analysis
Saudi Arabia’s Shock Cut in Planned Oil Expansion
The decision could lead to further spending reductions in the kingdom.
Feb 5, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
A video board displays various oil and gas commodity prices in September 2023 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Why Oil Prices Aren’t Spiking
Prices are set by multiple factors in today’s oil markets, so predicting shocks based on Middle East crises is not a sure bet.
Jan 22, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Deployed in Yemen
Tehran has previously been able to conduct a “hidden-hand operation” via the Houthis at a very low cost, but that price may now be set to rise if allied counter-strikes continue.
Jan 15, 2024
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  • Jay Solomon
Ships of the US Navy's Fifth Fleet on exercise in the Persian Gulf
Articles & Testimony
Will the U.S.-British Strikes Stop the Houthi Attacks on Red Sea Shipping?
The effectiveness of the joint operation is not year clear, but either way it almost certainly wasn’t the concluding episode in Iran’s long-running game of Gulf proxy warfare.
Jan 12, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
Photo of a blast wall with a drone mural at al-Asad Air Base in Iraq.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Kataib Hezbollah Reveals Plans for Expanded Regional Attacks
The militia's Abu Hussein wing continues to throw shade at other "resistance" groups and is now threatening U.S. bases in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and even Saudi Arabia.
Jan 11, 2024
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  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
A beekeeper harvests honeycombs and holds part of them in his hand in Hadhramaut, Yemen
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Yemeni Honey Production: An Ancient Craft Drawing Modern Attention
There is no question that promoting economic growth and improving the ability of Yemenis to make a living is one approach to breaking the cycle of poverty and violence in the country, but progress should also be tied to Yemeni culture and to environmental challenges to make it more sustainable.
Jan 8, 2024
◆
  • Muneer Bin Wabar
Photo showing flame and smoke rising over Lebanon's border with Israel.
Articles & Testimony
The World Prepares for Gaza War Escalation
The players have climbed another rung on the escalatory ladder in Iraq, Lebanon, and the Red Sea, exacerbating worries about a wider regional conflict and more serious economic effects.
Jan 7, 2024
◆
  • David Schenker
The bow of a Maersk container cargo ship at sea - source: Maersk
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Better Late than Never: Bahrain’s Attitude Towards the Red Sea Defense Coalition
The multinational security operation Prosperity Guardian—of which Bahrain is a member—has the potential to protect trade in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, curb piracy and armed robbery on commercial ships, preserve supply and energy chains, and enhance regional security and prosperity.
Dec 29, 2023
◆
  • Ahdeya Ahmed Al-Sayed

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Senior Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker Senior Fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Michael Knights
Michael Knights
Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and cofounder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to Iran-backed militias.
Elizabeth Dent - source: The Washington Institute
Elizabeth Dent
Elizabeth Dent is a Senior Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where she focuses on U.S. foreign and defense policy toward the Gulf states, Iraq, and Syria.
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