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Gulf States

Policy Analysis on Gulf States

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Flags of Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Turkey on display in Riyadh
Brief Analysis
Arab Gulf States Shift Toward More Harmonious Relations
After years of simmering tension, the recent evidence of positive change cannot be ignored.
Jan 30, 2023
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  • Simon Henderson
CENTCOM seal
Brief Analysis
Assessing CENTCOM’s Posture in 2023
To meet ambitious goals with reduced resources, the U.S. military and its regional partners will need to continue expanding their focus on unmanned systems, artificial intelligence, agile combat employment, and integrated air defense.
Jan 24, 2023
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  • Nathan P. Olsen
Israeli and Arab foreign ministers, along with U.S. Secretary of State Blinken, at the Negev Summit - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Forty Percent of Saudis and Emiratis Still Accept Israeli Contacts, Even Under Netanyahu
Approval for contacts with Israelis remained steady through 2022, even as hesitancy on Abraham Accords continued.
Jan 19, 2023
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  • David Pollock
Houthi code of conduct paper
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Between the Lines: Understanding the Houthi Employment Code of Conduct
Since the failure of international efforts to renew the ceasefire in Yemen this past November, the Houthi movement has—with increasing speed—spread its influence and dominance over the men and women living under its control.
Jan 15, 2023
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  • Laila Lutf Al-Thawr
Israeli prime minister Natanyahu and U.S. president Biden in Jerusalem in 2021 - Source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Netanyahu’s Potential Friction Points with Biden (Part 2): Iran, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, and Domestic Issues
The prime minister will need a great deal of U.S. military and diplomatic assistance to achieve his foreign policy imperatives—a fact he should not forget when mulling potentially divisive moves at home.
Jan 10, 2023
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  • David Makovsky
Brief Analysis
Secretive Agenda for Pakistani Military Visit to Saudi Arabia and the UAE
Official mentions of “military and defense cooperation” could include sharing of nuclear and missile technology.
Jan 9, 2023
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  • Simon Henderson
Composite image showing the cover of the book "25 Days to Aden" and a UAE tank.
In-Depth Reports
25 Days to Aden
The Unknown Story of Arabian Elite Forces at War
An in-depth look at the dramatic campaign by Arab special forces and Yemeni tribesmen to liberate a crucial port city.
January 2023
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  • Michael Knights
Yemeni rebel soldiers in Aden
Articles & Testimony
How I Got the Inside Story of the UAE’s Liberation of Aden
By conversing and embedding with Emirati soldiers over the course of several years, a Washington Institute military expert was able to capture the history and stakes of an unsung operation to save Yemen’s strategically crucial port city.
Jan 6, 2023
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  • Michael Knights
Crown Prince Muhammad and President Xi walking in Riyadh.
Brief Analysis
Assessing Xi Jinping’s Middle East Trip
His discussions on nuclear proliferation, energy markets, defense cooperation, and other issues offered numerous contrasts with President Biden’s summer meetings in Saudi Arabia—as well as some unexpected criticism of Iran.
Dec 22, 2022
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  • Grant Rumley
  • Carol Silber
  • Eric Feely
  • Sarah Cahn
  • Sude Akgundogdu
  • Lauren von Thaden
  • Faris Almaari
Muscat
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
A Stabilizing Factor: Oman’s Quiet Influence amid Mounting Uncertainty in the Gulf
Based on its sound reputation as a conflict mediator and talks facilitator, Oman is well-positioned to tone down flaring rivalries in the Gulf and prevent tensions from spiraling out of control.
Dec 22, 2022
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  • Leonardo Jacopo Maria Mazzucco
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salmon durnig a meeting with Russian President Vladimor Putin in Rihady - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Saudi Prisoner Diplomacy During the Ukraine War
Washington and Riyadh once again seem unable to keep their misunderstandings private, but the Saudi crown prince has proven his ability to mediate certain U.S.-Russian disputes if called on.
Dec 20, 2022
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  • Bennett Neuhoff
UAE Flag
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
New UAE Poll Shows Nuance on Domestic Issues; Growing Public Uncertainty over U.S. Relations; Split Views of Iran & Israel
Although many results are consistent with past polling, the most recent Emirati survey reveals interesting perspectives on Iran, the economy, and other issues.
Dec 20, 2022
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  • Catherine Cleveland
Leaders assemble for the France-sponsored Baghdad Conference in August 2021 - source: Government of Iraq
Brief Analysis
A Baghdad Summit in Amman: Implications for Regional Stability
The French-sponsored event could be a welcome starting point for wider cooperation between Iraq’s new government and its Arab neighbors—particularly Jordan—but only time will tell whether agreements made there come to fruition.
Dec 19, 2022
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  • Louis Dugit-Gros
  • Ghaith al-Omari
  • Bilal Wahab
Saudi Arabia Flag
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
New Saudi Poll: Some Surprises on the U.S., Iran, Israel, Oil, and More
Saudis voiced their thoughts on global partners, internal dynamics, and regional issues, including opinions on the Iranian protests and nuclear dilemma.
Dec 16, 2022
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  • David Pollock
Articles & Testimony
Are the Saudis Reconsidering Their Nuclear Posture?
Various historical and recent factors suggest that the nuclear dimension of Gulf politics is again in flux amid a deepening world energy crisis.
Dec 12, 2022
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  • Simon Henderson
Russian President Vladimir Putin meets Chinese President Xi Jinping at a summit in Beijing - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
The Middle East in a Multipolar Era: Why America’s Allies Are Flirting With Russia and China
Because many states are eschewing both alignment with a single great power and nonalignment, the best U.S. response to this “omni-alignment” is creating more tailored opportunities for high-value cooperation with Washington.
Dec 7, 2022
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  • Michael Singh
Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi meets Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman in Riyadh
Brief Analysis
What Saudi Arabia Wants from President Xi’s Visit
China is already one of the kingdom’s major commercial partners and a significant supplier of military and nuclear technology, but Riyadh wants more of each.
Dec 6, 2022
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  • Simon Henderson
  • Carol Silber
Qatar's Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani receives President of the United Arab Emirates Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Doha, Qatar - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
UAE Leader Visits Qatar: An Advance, Not a Breakthrough
Sandwiched between meetings with a Taliban leader and Israel’s president, the Doha trip reflects the scope and versatility of Emirati diplomacy.
Dec 5, 2022
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  • Simon Henderson
Iran Soccer
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Iran Team’s Ambivalent Approach to Protests During the World Cup
Iran's loss at the World Cup coincides with controversy and tensions both back home and around the globe.
Dec 2, 2022
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  • S. Houseini
OPEC flag
Articles & Testimony
Inflation, Soccer, Russia’s Mischief—Will Anyone Pay Attention to OPEC+?
Whether or not the cartel tweaks production quotas at its next meeting, ongoing global crises and the approach of a dark, cold winter in Europe may yet cause economic shudders.
Dec 1, 2022
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  • Simon Henderson

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Michael Knights
Michael Knights
Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Fellow of The Washington Institute, specializing in the military and security affairs of Iraq, Iran, and the Persian Gulf states. He is a co-founder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to the Iranian-backed militias in Iraq and Syria.
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