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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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Articles & Testimony
The Vocabulary of Sectarianism
Many players in Syria are pursuing a long-term sectarian dehumanization strategy because they view the war as an existential religious struggle between Sunnis and Shiites, indicating that peace conferences are unlikely to resolve the conflict.
Jan 29, 2014
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
  • Phillip Smyth
Articles & Testimony
The Muslim Brotherhood Will Fight On
Given the Brotherhood and the military's mutually exclusive aims, Egypt's death-match will continue, with even deadlier stakes once Sisi becomes president.
Jan 27, 2014
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  • Eric Trager
Articles & Testimony
There's Only One Real Law Now in Egypt
Washington should focus on shielding U.S. strategic interests in Egypt from the effects of persistent political instability, while also encouraging Cairo to address the root causes of this instability over time.
Jan 25, 2014
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  • Eric Trager
Brief Analysis
Royal Rivalry: Bahrain's Ruling Family and the Island's Political Crisis
As the anniversary of the 2011 troubles approaches, Bahrain's political battles are seemingly being fought out in the palaces as much as the streets.
Jan 24, 2014
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  • Simon Henderson
A mural of slain prime minister Rafiq Hariri in Beirut
Brief Analysis
Trials and Tribulations in Lebanon
The controversial Hariri trial will unfold amid growing sectarian violence in Lebanon, the seemingly interminable war in Syria, and a longstanding political stalemate regarding Hezbollah's role in government.
Jan 23, 2014
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  • David Schenker
Brief Analysis
Avoiding Assad's Forced Solution to the Syria Crisis
Given that Assad and his backers want to gut the transition process called for in the Geneva Communique, Washington should plan to take other steps in parallel to the Geneva process.
Jan 21, 2014
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  • Andrew J. Tabler
Sisi
Brief Analysis
Egypt's Multiple Power Centers
Given the limitations and internal divisions of Egypt's various power centers, neither the military nor any other single institution is solely in charge at the moment.
Jan 17, 2014
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  • Adel El-Adawy
Brief Analysis
A Better Approach to Geneva: Aid the Syrian Opposition Now
Resuming direct U.S. material support for anti-Assad forces offers the only serious prospect, even if modest, for halting Syria's downward slide and its damage to U.S. interests.
Jan 15, 2014
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  • David Pollock
Articles & Testimony
Morocco's Move in Mali
What Rabat Gained in the Battle Against Islamic Extremism
Although Mali could become a satellite of another North African power, Morocco's involvement is the best chance to uproot extremism there, from the inside out.
Jan 14, 2014
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  • Vish Sakthivel
Brief Analysis
Salafists Are the Wild Card of Egypt's Referendum
Low Salafist turnout for this week's constitutional referendum could signal a broad base of support for growing jihadist violence against the post-Morsi government.
Jan 13, 2014
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  • Eric Trager
Articles & Testimony
Iran, Syria, and Egypt
The perception that the White House is determined to include the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt's political process could hamper the Iran and Syria negotiations, among other ill effects.
Jan 10, 2014
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  • Adel El-Adawy
  • David Pollock
Articles & Testimony
Egypt's Heroic Protesters Bear Responsibility for the Mess That Followed
If Egypt's activists are to continue their righteous campaign for a non-dictatorial government, they will have to draft a concrete agenda, better engage the public, and organize beyond one traffic circle in downtown Cairo.
Jan 6, 2014
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  • Eric Trager
In-Depth Reports
Turkey's 2014 Political Transition:
From Erdogan to Erdogan?
Turkey will hold local and presidential elections in 2014, both of significant import. The AKP, in power since 2002, has lasted longer than any other government since the country became a multiparty democracy in 1950. Likewise, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has ruled Turkey longer than any other democratically elected
Jan 3, 2014
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  • Soner Cagaptay
  • James Jeffrey
In-Depth Reports
The Rise of Turkey: The Twenty-First Century's First Muslim Power
Institute Turkey scholar Soner Cagaptay's guide to both the inspiring potential and the grave challenges of Turkey's transformation into a true regional and global power.
Jan 2, 2014
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Articles & Testimony
Egypt: A Tinderbox Waiting for a Spark
Behind the government's political transition and security measures lies a deeply unstable country.
Jan 2, 2014
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  • Eric Trager
Brief Analysis
Saudi Arabia: Outlawing Terrorism and the Arab Spring
The kingdom is codifying current legal practices that do not distinguish between terrorists and nonviolent activists.
Dec 27, 2013
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  • Lori Plotkin Boghardt
Articles & Testimony
The E.U. Needs Turkey
France and Germany need to realize that a genuine path to European Union membership is Turkey's surest path to greater democratization.
Dec 20, 2013
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Brief Analysis
The Fractious Politics of Syria's Kurds
The dominant power in Syria's Kurdish regions, the PYD, is deeply problematic but shares some common interests with the United States.
Dec 18, 2013
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  • Barak Barfi
Brief Analysis
First Islamist Party to Voluntarily Give Up Power: A New Tunisian Model?
Ennahda's agreement to step aside under peaceful popular pressure, at long last, sets an encouraging but all-too-rare example -- yet one that may not last.
Dec 17, 2013
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  • David Pollock
Brief Analysis
Egypt's New Constitution: Bleak Prospects
As Egypt prepares to vote on a constitution that could prove economically ruinous or, at best, ineffectual, Washington and its regional allies should discuss ways of encouraging Cairo to pursue much-needed reforms.
Dec 16, 2013
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  • Eric Trager

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Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Senior Fellow and managing editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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