انرژی و اقتصاد

Policy Analysis on انرژی و اقتصاد

Egyptian and Israeli flags along the Sinai border

Building on Egypt and Israel’s Uneasy Gas Deal

Israel’s approval of the delayed export agreement is a welcome development, but U.S. officials should view it as the start, not the end, of efforts to ease tensions between two key peace partners.

۶ ژانویه ۲۰۲۶

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David Schenker
Simon Henderson

A Tunisian flag flies at the port of Bizerte - source: Reuters

Articles & Testimony

Tunisia’s Underdevelopment Problem

Democratic backsliding, sluggish trade reforms, and other maladies have left the country's ports insufficiently attractive to investment heavyweights like the United States and China.

Dec 24, 2025

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Sabina Henneberg

Maps & Graphics

Brief Analysis

What One LPG Tanker Reveals About the Reliability of AIS Data in Hot Spots

The vessel's tracked activities and suspicious data transmissions should be investigated for potential illicit transactions with Iran and the former Assad regime.

۲۳ دسامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Noam Raydan

◆ Maritime Spotlight

Imed Khemiri, a senior official in the Ennahda party and member of the Salvation Front (L) takes part in a protest, demanding the release of imprisoned journalists, activists, opposition figures and setting a date for fair presidential elections in Tunis, Tunisia May 12, 2024 - source: Reuters

Brief Analysis

Tunisia’s Growing Protests Open a Door for Low-Cost U.S. Initiatives

Amid mounting domestic pressure on President Saied, the Trump administration should take modest but useful and forward-looking steps like lifting tariffs, supporting less-politicized trade projects, and otherwise backing the people’s vision for a more prosperous future.

۱۷ دسامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Sabina Henneberg

A model of a B-2 stealth bomber sits next to legislation on the president's Oval Office desk - source: The White House

Brief Analysis

Closing the Regulatory Gap in Trump’s Middle East Strategy

The success of the administration’s new approach hinges on updating U.S. government tools and structures needed to fuel its ambitions and manage the associated strategic risks.

۱۶ دسامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Elizabeth Dent
Dennis Ross

Photo of an oil facility in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Maps & Graphics

Brief Analysis

Oil from Northern Iraq Arrives in the United States After Pipeline Reopens

In addition to providing discounted crude of a quality desired by American refiners, the resumption of oil flows via the ITP is already showing promise of furthering U.S. policy toward partners and adversaries alike.

۵ دسامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Noam Raydan
James Jeffrey

An Iranian girl watches water being poured - source: Reuters

Articles & Testimony

Khomeini Promised Free Water. Iran Is Running Out of It.

Reservoirs are drying up due to systemic mismanagement and other problems, and regime officials do not appear willing or able to undertake the necessary fixes.

Nov 28, 2025

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Holly Dagres

A Russian crude oil tanker transits the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2024 - source: Reuters

Articles & Testimony

America’s Toothless Sanctions on Russian Oil

Moscow won’t feel the pain as long as China keeps buying, but Washington can change Beijing’s calculus by threatening to block access to the U.S. financial system.

۲۴ نوامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Erica Downs
Richard Nephew

Brief Analysis

Perspectives on Muhammad bin Salman’s Visit to Washington

Washington Institute experts discuss each government’s likely agenda for the landmark visit, from dealmaking in the energy and AI sectors to deepening the bilateral defense relationship and taking the difficult next steps in the fragile Gaza ceasefire plan.

۱۴ نوامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Dennis Ross
Elizabeth Dent
April Longley Alley
Simon Henderson
Henry Tugendhat
Noam Raydan

Articles & Testimony

From Pariah to Partner, MBS Returns to Washington

For the United States and Saudi Arabia to both win in today’s competitive global ecosystem, they need each other, and the Trump administration is poised to cap years of bipartisan effort by taking the relationship to new levels.

۱۴ نوامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Dana Stroul

A Tunisian purchases dollars from a money-changer - source: Reuters

Articles & Testimony

The Role of the International Community in Supporting Tunisia’s Post-2011 Economic Transition

How can the international community avoid making the same mistakes it did after the revolution, when perceptions that the country’s democratic transition was secure led to economic complacency?

۲۸ اکتبر ۲۰۲۵

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Sabina Henneberg

A worker inspects oil pipes near Turkey's Mediterranean Coast - source: Reuters

Maps & Graphics

Brief Analysis

How Renewed Oil Flows from the ITP Could Benefit U.S.-Iraq-Turkey Relations

The potential economic and strategic benefits of reopening the northern Iraqi pipeline are clear, but the agreement still faces bureaucratic, political, and security challenges before exports can resume in earnest.

۷ اکتبر ۲۰۲۵

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Noam Raydan
Soner Cagaptay

Brief Analysis

Toward a More Comprehensive (and Effective) U.S. Policy on Yemen

The Houthis pose even more of a risk to U.S. and Gulf interests than they did before the Gaza war, so Washington and its regional partners need to develop an approach that is more fit for purpose.

۱۸ سپتامبر ۲۰۲۵

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April Longley Alley

Photo of Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam, September 2025.

Brief Analysis

As the Renaissance Dam Comes Online, the U.S. Mediation Role Needs Clarity

Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan were unable to agree on crucial water-sharing rights in the fraught years leading up to the GERD’s inauguration, raising the specter of escalating tensions unless the Trump administration engages more actively.

۱۷ سپتامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Areig Elhag
Ben Fishman

Brief Analysis

After Snapback, Washington Needs to Prepare for Iranian Escalation in the Gulf

Given Tehran’s long record of using maritime provocations to counter increased international pressure, the United States and its partners must be ready to respond swiftly and forcefully against ship seizures, mine warfare, suicide drones, and more.

۱۶ سپتامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Farzin Nadimi

Brief Analysis

What Russian Oil Flows Reveal About Syria and Lebanon’s Energy Sectors

Greater U.S. attention to oil and trade dynamics in Syria and Lebanon can help prevent adversarial states like Russia and illicit networks from exploiting weaknesses there.

۱۱ سپتامبر ۲۰۲۵

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Noam Raydan

Articles & Testimony

Snapback Sanctions Hit Iran

Actually enforcing them will require hard work by Western diplomats and experts in the face of opposition from Tehran, Beijing, and Moscow.

Aug 29, 2025

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Michael Singh
Richard Nephew

Brief Analysis

Will Renewed UN Sanctions Bring Iran Back to the Table?

Reimposing old sanctions may not have much economic impact if China sidesteps them, but Washington could still use the mechanism to pressure Iran on returning to negotiations.

۲۷ اوت ۲۰۲۵

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Patrick Clawson

A utility worker repairs electric transmission lines in the Syria's Idlib province - source: Reuters

Brief Analysis

Maintaining Momentum in Syria’s Energy Sector

New oil, gas, and infrastructure initiatives have continued rolling in since the Trump administration’s removal of sanctions, but they may amount to little in the long term unless more is done to build Syria’s own capacity, tamp down on political tensions, and address bureaucratic confusion.

۱۹ اوت ۲۰۲۵

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Audrey Kost
Andrew J. Tabler

Articles & Testimony

In Tunisia, U.S. Tariffs Will Be Felt Across Many Fronts

For producers, the main concern is not lost revenue or market share but instead damage to relationships they have worked hard to cultivate.

۵ اوت ۲۰۲۵

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Sabina Henneberg

Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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