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Terrorism

Policy Analysis on Terrorism

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Articles & Testimony
The End of the Hamas Military-Industrial Complex
Three months into the war, even the group’s own propaganda points to lackluster weapons production.
Jan 2, 2024
◆
  • Matthew Levitt
A masked Hamas fighter brandishes a rifle in Gaza - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
How Hamas Built an Army
Although the group’s conventional military capabilities seemingly peaked on October 7, an underperforming army is still an army, so the IDF has little choice but to continue ground operations until it can shift to a counterterrorism-centered strategy.
Jan 2, 2024
◆
  • Ido Levy
March 14, 2023 protest by Christian locals over the Babiliyoun militia seizure of seven NPU soldiers
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Babiliyoun Movement Hijacks All Four Christian Minority Seats
A group led by U.S.-sanctioned figure Rayan al-Kildani escaped accountability from Iraqi Christian communities by abusing the courts and buying non-Christian votes.
Jan 2, 2024
◆
  • Yaqoub Beth-Addai
◆ Militia Spotlight
Brief Analysis
Growing Internal Tensions Between Hamas Leaders
Kept in the dark about key aspects of the October 7 attack, the group’s external leaders are now jockeying for position in postwar arrangements that they may not have enough power to shape.
Dec 21, 2023
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  • Ehud Yaari
  • Matthew Levitt
ADL and Iran flags
Maps & Graphics
Articles & Testimony
Profile: Aleppo Defenders Legion
An Aleppo-based militia umbrella group that serves as an auxiliary unit of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in north Syria.
Dec 21, 2023
◆
  • Ahmad Sharawi
  • Abdullah Hayek
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles
Brief Analysis
Key Takeaways from the Latest Country Reports on Terrorism
In its annual rundown of counterterrorism challenges and achievements, the State Department focused on jihadist exploitation of undergoverned spaces, Iran’s continued sponsorship of regional terrorist groups, and the threats posed by violent extremism.
Dec 20, 2023
◆
  • Camille Jablonski
  • Delaney Soliday
  • Ilana Winter
Police walk past the Palestinian Legislative Council in Ramallah
Brief Analysis
Why a West Bank Front Has Not Opened So Far
The older generation remains skeptical of what an intifada might achieve, but Israeli crackdowns and worsening economic conditions could still ignite younger Palestinians and undermine PA security cooperation.
Dec 13, 2023
◆
  • Neomi Neumann
The United States Capitol Building
Articles & Testimony
Addressing the Scourge of Anti-Semitism in Europe
A Hamas expert testifies on how the group, its sympathizers, and a motley array of other factions are taking advantage of the Gaza war to stoke anti-Semitic threats and attacks across the continent.
Dec 12, 2023
◆
  • Matthew Levitt
HaN killed fighters covered with their flag in the coffin, Nov 2023
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Overlap Between the Islamic Resistance in Iraq and the Popular Mobilization Forces
The "Islamic Resistance" brand mourned the loss of government-paid PMF personnel who were killed while preparing a terrorist attack on international advisors.
Dec 12, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
◆ Militia Spotlight
Houthi drone aircraft on display in Yemen - source: Reuters
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Under Fire in the Bab al-Mandab: Houthi Military Capabilities and U.S. Response Options
The group is using a wide range of weapons and tactics to escalate its disruption of regional maritime security, establishing selective sea denial against Israeli vessels seeking passage through the strait and threatening U.S. warships that show up to protect them.
Dec 8, 2023
◆
  • Farzin Nadimi
Houthi threat to global shipping
Brief Analysis
Containing the Houthis in Yemen: Issues and Options for the Policy Review
During the Gaza war, Houthi militia forces have emerged as the most risk-acceptant member of Iran's "axis of resistance" and a demonstrated menace to international freedom of navigation.
Dec 5, 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Houthi drone aircraft on display in Yemen - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Iran-Backed Attacks on Ships in the Red Sea Underscore a U.S. Dilemma
Given the lack of a decisive U.S. response, further clashes will likely arise in strategically crucial waterways whenever Tehran sees fit to nudge the Houthis.
Dec 4, 2023
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Funeral for KH operator, November 23, 2023
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Kataib Hezbollah Publicly Mocks Asaib Ahl al-Haq for Cowardice
After AAH officials sought a halt to the verbal attacks, KH doubled down with a cutting public insult.
Nov 30, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Sept 26 2023 Qaraqosh fire victims
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Rayan al-Kildani Faces Election Backlash in the Months After Wedding Hall Fire
Popular anger against this self-claimed "Christian leader" has grown since the tragic September fire in the Nineveh Plains region, casting a shadow over his election hopes.
Nov 29, 2023
◆
  • Yaqoub Beth-Addai
◆ Militia Spotlight
A masked Hamas fighter brandishes a rifle in Gaza - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
The Road to October 7: Hamas’ Long Game, Clarified
An in-depth look at the group’s post-2007 activities confirms that it was steadily preparing the ground (and the population) for war while lulling foreign officials into awaiting a moderation that would never come.
Oct-Nov 2023
◆
  • Devorah Margolin
  • Matthew Levitt
Haider al-Gharrawi
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Profile: Ansar Allah al-Awfiya (19th PMF Brigade)
One of the top Iraqi proxies for Iran's IRGC-Qods Force, this Sadrist breakaway faction has long garrisoned the Syrian border and killed Iraqi protesters to demonstrate its loyalty.
Nov 27, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
  • Hamdi Malik
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles
Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh greets Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in Tehran in June 2023 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
The Hamas-Iran Relationship
As details emerge of potential direct links to the attack on Israel, one thing is clear: Hamas would not have been able to plan and conduct such an operation without years of Iranian training, Iranian weapons, and hundreds of millions of dollars in Iranian funding.
Nov 2023
◆
  • Matthew Levitt
Qais al-Khazali
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Militia Hair-Pulling Over Who Are "The Truest Muqawama"
Amid their ceasefire in solidarity with events in Gaza, Iraqi "resistance" leaders went back to their old habits of diminishing each other and spilling their secrets, with interesting results.
Nov 26, 2023
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Photo of a blast wall with a drone mural at al-Asad Air Base in Iraq.
Video
Brief Analysis
Iranian Escalation in Iraq and Syria: Implications and U.S. Options
Four experts discuss what Washington can do about the latest spike in militia attacks against U.S. bases and local partners—even as they try to sustain the counterterrorism mission against the Islamic State.
Nov 17, 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
  • Wladimir van Wilgenburg
  • Devorah Margolin
  • Andrew J. Tabler
Abu Alaa al-Walai and Esmail Qaani
Maps & Graphics
Articles & Testimony
OFAC Designates Iraqi Militiamen (Part 2): KSS and Abu Ala al-Walai
Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada's designation for terrorist activities is long overdue, reflecting its important ongoing role in attacks on U.S. forces in northern Iraq and eastern Syria.
Nov 17, 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight

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Jeanette and Eli Reinhard Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence

The Washington Institute's Jeanette and Eli Reinhard Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence serves as Washington's premier center for the study of international terrorism.

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Featured experts

Matthew Levitt
Matthew Levitt
Matthew Levitt is the Fromer-Wexler Senior Fellow and director of the Reinhard Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at The Washington Institute.
Devorah Margolin
Devorah Margolin
Devorah Margolin is the Blumenstein-Rosenbloom Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
Aaron Zelin
Aaron Y. Zelin
Aaron Y. Zelin is the Gloria and Ken Levy Senior Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy where his research focuses on Sunni Arab jihadi groups in North Africa and Syria as well as the trend of foreign fighting and online jihadism.
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