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North Africa

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In-Depth Reports

Sudan: The End Comes for Bashir Sudden Succession Essay Series

Sudden Succession Essay Series

The Washington Institute has recently been sponsoring a series of discussions about sudden succession in the Middle East. Each session focuses on scenarios that might unfold if a specific ruler or leader departed the scene tomorrow. Questions include these: Would the sudden change lead to different policies? Would it affect

Alberto Fernandez

After Bashir’s Fall, What’s Next for Sudan?

To forge a better future, the country must break the vicious cycle of military rule followed by incompetent, corrupt rule under the same tired political class.

Alberto Fernandez

Algeria’s Long Buildup to Mass Protests

The main drivers of the current crisis have been in play for many years, so Washington should focus on economic and security initiatives that can help Algeria regardless of which new leaders emerge.

Sabina Henneberg

Bouteflika Resigns: Next Steps in Uncharted Territory

The accelerating pace of events calls for a careful U.S. response, since instability in Algeria could cause significant disruptions in North Africa, the Mediterranean, energy markets, and counterterrorism.

Ben Fishman

Russian president Vladimir Putin and foreign minister Sergei Lavrov

Russian Moves in the Gulf and Africa Have a Common Goal

A recent spate of high-level regional visits may pave the way for Moscow to entrench itself from the East Mediterranean to the Gulf of Aden, with help from the Gulf states.

Anna Borshchevskaya

Egyptian and Israeli flags along the Sinai border

The Second Step in Egypt-Israel Peace Is a Tall One

Despite their treaty’s rock-solid record on preventing armed conflict, the two countries still hold fundamentally different views on further normalization.

Haisam Hassanein

Articles & Testimony

40 Years of Peace Between Israel and Egypt

Sadat and Begin gambled everything, and the bet continues to pay off despite the dearth of normalization between the two societies.

Dennis Ross
David Makovsky

Algeria on the Brink?

As Algiers braces for wider protests, Washington should coordinate with Arab and European allies to signal the government that it risks losing control unless it changes course.

Sarah Feuer

Organizational Split and Radicalization Within Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood

Internal structural changes and ideological rifts have given rise to new strategies for legitimizing violence.

Annette Ranko
Mohammad Yaghi

Articles & Testimony

Not Gonna Be Able To Do It: al-Qaeda in Tunisia’s Inability to Take Advantage of the Islamic State’s Setbacks

While the consensus might be that al-Qaeda is primed to benefit from Islamic State setbacks, unless conditions change locally, the so-called caliphate will likely remain a more attractive avenue for jihadi mobilization in Tunisia.

Aaron Y. Zelin

Articles & Testimony

Russia’s Growing Influence in North Africa

Moscow casts itself as a reliable mediator and security partner, but in actuality it benefits from playing all sides of regional disputes and fostering perpetual low-level conflict.

Anna Borshchevskaya

Satellite image of the Red Sea region and the Arabian Peninsula

Seeing Red: Trade and Threats Shaping Gulf-Horn Relations

The Red Sea is fast becoming a critical economic and security node between the Gulf states and the Horn of Africa, so Washington should work to ensure cooperation, not conflict.

Elana DeLozier

Exploiting East Mediterranean Gas: New Milestones, New Obstacles

Even as exploration companies make crucial advances on specific projects, broader development of the area’s resources will require the players to overcome political tensions and market hurdles.

Simon Henderson

Articles & Testimony

Pompeo’s Cairo Speech More ‘Back to the Future’ Than Break With Past

The administration should focus more on amplifying the voices of regional citizens while convincingly standing against collective threats.

Ben Fishman
Dana Stroul

Sending the Right Message in Cairo: Advice for Secretary Pompeo

All eyes will be on the secretary’s speech this week, so striking the right balance between President Trump’s domestic imperatives and the realities of regional policy is crucial.

Anna Borshchevskaya
Soner Cagaptay
Simon Henderson
Martin Kramer
Matthew Levitt
David Pollock
Dennis Ross
Dana Stroul
Bilal Wahab

Egyptian and Israeli flags along the Sinai border

Egyptian-Israeli Citizenship Issues Are Impeding Normalization

Egyptian authorities are still using travel restrictions, intimidation, and loss of citizenship to discourage their compatriots from living in or even visiting Israel.

Haisam Hassanein

A Tunisian woman holds a photo of a relative who joined a jihadist movement

Tunisia's Foreign Fighters

Two leading experts discuss why thousands of young Tunisians mobilized for jihad in Iraq and Syria, and what governments are doing now that they are taking their cause back home—or to the West.

Aaron Y. Zelin
Jacob Walles

After Palermo: Achievements and Future Challenges for Libya

The Italian-sponsored stabilization conference produced some positive outcomes, but a genuine breakthrough requires U.S. involvement.

Anna Borshchevskaya
Ben Fishman
Barbara A. Leaf

Sisi Restores Jewish Heritage in Egypt

His recent outreach to Jews is welcome, though it should not be mistaken for a total shift in his repressive tendencies or a sea change in the Egyptian public’s rejection of Israel.

Haisam Hassanein

Hints of Crisis as Algeria Enters Election Mode

The country avoided the tumult of the Arab Spring, but its next election cycle will bring political, economic, and social challenges back to the fore.

Abdelillah Bendaoudi

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