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Iraq

Policy Analysis on Iraq

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Vice President Joe Biden arrives in Saudi Arabia
Articles & Testimony
Biden Needs a Middle East Strategy to Avoid New Crises
To dispel confusion among America’s partners and better counter its adversaries, the administration will have to do a better job of integrating its country-specific strategies into an overarching approach for accomplishing larger goals.
Aug 10, 2021
◆
  • Kenneth Pollack
  • Dennis Ross
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Do Aircraft Carriers Deter Iran?
There are more effective, less costly, and more sustainable ways to deter Tehran and shape its behavior than back-to-back deployments of carrier strike groups to the Gulf.
Aug 6, 2021
◆
  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Henry Mihm
Muqawama fighters
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Muqawama Struggle to Show Cohesion on "Withdrawal" of U.S. Forces
A pan-Shia forum and Lebanese Hezbollah prodded the Tansiqiya to grudgingly paper over cracks in solidarity among resistance groups.
Aug 3, 2021
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Etejah
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Profile: Al-Etejah Satellite Television
A closer look at the "resistance" television channel owned and operated by U.S.-designated terrorist movement Kataib Hezbollah.
Aug 1, 2021
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Crispin Smith
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles
Kataib Hezbollah Logo
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
The Muqawama Are Focusing Attack Claims on U.S. Bases in Syria
Iraqi militias have said more about attacking such bases in the past six weeks than they did in preceding years.
Jul 28, 2021
◆
  • Crispin Smith
  • Hamdi Malik
◆ Militia Spotlight
NT
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Profile: Al-Nujaba Satellite Television
A U.S.-sanctioned "resistance" channel owned and operated by U.S.-designated terrorist movement Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba.
Jul 22, 2021
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles
Jazira drones
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
The Drones of Kataib Hezbollah's Jazira Command
KH-commanded militia units appear to have exclusive control over Iranian-provided drones, highlighting the group's links to Tehran and its involvement in recent UAV operations.
Jul 20, 2021
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Crispin Smith
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
President Joe Biden speaks on the phone in the Oval Office of the White House
Video
Brief Analysis
A Strategy for Iraq: Guidelines for the Biden Administration
A senior State Department official, a Baghdad bureau chief, and an Iraqi scholar explore the opportunities and increasingly desperate dangers facing U.S. policy toward the country.
Jul 16, 2021
◆
  • Bilal Wahab
  • Joey Hood
  • Jane Arraf
Brief Analysis
Managing Middle East Defense Partnerships Amid Great Power Competition
The U.S. government can counter the narrative of withdrawal by disassociating its regional commitment from the number of “boots on the ground,” building longer-term security cooperation plans, and clarifying its CAATSA sanctions policy.
Jul 13, 2021
◆
  • Grant Rumley
  • Kathryn Wheelbarger
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Are the Muqawama Signaling De-Escalation?
Although attacks on U.S. sites have surged, Iraqi militias appear to be laying the groundwork for de-escalation.
Jul 9, 2021
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Crispin Smith
◆ Militia Spotlight
Liwa Thar al-Muhandis
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Profile: Liwa Thar Muhandis
This older facade brand has been brought out of retirement during the summer surge of Iraqi militia attacks on U.S. targets.
Jul 8, 2021
◆
  • Crispin Smith
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles
Toofan
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Militias Parade Under the PMF Banner (Part 2): Ground Combat Systems
Tehran has bolstered the ground combat capabilities of its proxy militias within the PMF, though the equipment rarely sees combat employment.
Jul 3, 2021
◆
  • Farzin Nadimi
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Mohajer drone
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Militias Parade Under the PMF Banner (Part 1): Drone Systems
Drone systems paraded in Camp Ashraf were a show of strength, including the debut of new types of Iranian-provided airframes and control vehicles.
Jul 3, 2021
◆
  • Farzin Nadimi
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Articles & Testimony
Biden Wants to Leave the Middle East, But He’s in a Vicious Bombing Cycle in Iraq
Caught between aggressive Tehran-backed militias and a skeptical Congress, the administration needs a better approach.
Jul 2, 2021
◆
  • Michael Knights
A man manipulates cables on a bank of internet data servers - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Iranian Website Seizures: Avoiding a Blanket Approach
Tehran is increasingly relying on its vast regional propaganda machine to pursue its anti-American objectives, but policymakers need to be simultaneously more precise and more comprehensive in how they counter it.
Jun 29, 2021
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
Brief Analysis
Deterring Militias in Iraq: What Works and What Doesn’t
Striking back one time in twelve will not stop Iranian proxy attacks, so Washington must consider more consistent and painful retaliation in order to protect Americans in the Middle East.
Jun 28, 2021
◆
  • Michael Knights
Figure 1: Rocket and drone attacks on coalition "points of presence".
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Iraq’s Drone and Rocket Epidemic, By the Numbers
Attacks on coalition points of presence are increasing in quantity and quality, making U.S. fatalities increasingly likely unless deterrence is restored.
Jun 27, 2021
◆
  • Michael Knights
  • Crispin Smith
◆ Militia Spotlight
Accidental Allies cover
In-Depth Reports
Accidental Allies:
The US–Syrian Democratic Forces Partnership Against the Islamic State
To some, America's partnership with the SDF exemplified an economy-of-force effort that minimized U.S. casualties and wrested control of northeast Syria from the Islamic State. To others, it was a cautionary tale about a U.S. military hoodwinked into working with a terrorist group.
Jun 22, 2021
◆
  • Michael Knights
  • Wladimir van Wilgenburg
PMF
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
The Iraqi Muqawama Are Feeling Isolated and Threatened
The brazen approach taken by "resistance" factions in recent weeks was designed to undermine the government, but it is now coming back to hurt them.
Jun 19, 2021
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
◆ Militia Spotlight
Iraq protestors 2019
In-Depth Reports
Promoting Sovereignty and Accountability in Iraq:
Guidelines for the Biden Administration
The complexity of Iraq’s challenges might prompt some U.S. officials to balk, but a constructive policy can help advance both Iraqi and American interests in areas ranging from counterterrorism to economic development.
Jun 17, 2021
◆
  • Bilal Wahab
◆ Transition 2021

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Senior Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.
Michael Knights
Michael Knights
Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and cofounder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to Iran-backed militias.
Bilal Wahab
Bilal Wahab
Bilal Wahab was the Nathan and Esther K. Wagner Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
Elizabeth Dent - source: The Washington Institute
Elizabeth Dent
Elizabeth Dent is a Senior Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where she focuses on U.S. foreign and defense policy toward the Gulf states, Iraq, and Syria.
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