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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Political Rights and Civil Liberties in the Middle East: Trends in Freedom House Data Since 2010
The organization’s latest report showed persistent backsliding last year and since the Arab Spring, along with dramatic drops in a handful of countries and warnings of further drops next year.
Apr 27, 2023
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  • Camille Jablonski
Lebanon Protest Flag
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Preserving the Unity of Lebanon by Federating Its Political System
Lebanon is going through unprecedented circumstances that require joint engagement among all communities to find permanent solutions that ensure peace, prosperity, and unity for the country.
Apr 20, 2023
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  • Joe W. Issa-El-Khoury
Candidates Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Kemal Kilicdarolgu, May 2023 Turkish elections
In-Depth Reports
Turkey's Pivotal 2023 Elections:
Issues, Potential Outcomes, and What Comes After
Opinion polls offer hope for the challengers, but Erdogan's media control and other factors could foil their efforts to finally topple the president and his ruling bloc.
Apr 19, 2023
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Photo of Israelis in Tel Aviv protesting proposed judiciary changes, February 2023.
Brief Analysis
Regional Reactions to Israel’s Protests
Many Middle Eastern outlets have used the crisis to reinforce their inflammatory rhetoric, but some have provided nuanced analysis through the lenses of democratic principles and Arab-Israel peace.
Apr 12, 2023
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  • Frances McDonough
U.S. and Israeli flags
Articles & Testimony
Back to the Basics of Shared Values in the US-Israel Relationship
Because Netanyahu’s main objectives on Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the Abraham Accords all depend on U.S. support, he also needs a workable policy toward the Palestinians—but his coalition partners are threatening this tenet.
Apr 2023
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  • Dennis Ross
Photo of Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu standing alone in parliament.
Video
Brief Analysis
Pausing Israel's Judicial Overhaul: Toward Compromise or Deepening Crisis?
A former Israeli intelligence official joins two other experts to discuss how the situation might affect the government’s domestic political prospects, relations with Washington, and ability to counter external security threats.
Mar 31, 2023
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  • David Makovsky
  • Tamar Hermann
  • Zohar Palti
Brief Analysis
Inside Iran’s Regime (Part 3): IRGC Economic Frustrations
Top commanders have purportedly raised a slew of concerns with the Supreme Leader, from funding shortfalls to corruption among regime elites.
Mar 30, 2023
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  • Henry Rome
Clerics gather in a bi-annual meeting of Iran's Assembly of Experts - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Inside Iran’s Regime (Part 2): The Clerical Crisis
In a climate where many clerics are unhappy about their situation and some are losing faith in the Islamic Republic, the purported minutes of a recent regime meeting show how the problem may evolve as domestic unrest continues.
Mar 29, 2023
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  • Mehdi Khalaji
Fires burn after the August 2020 port explosion in Beirut - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
The Lebanon Human Rights Report: Punting on Accountability?
The country can’t escape its downward spiral without full accountability, so pulling punches in annual U.S. reports serves neither Washington nor the Lebanese people.
Mar 28, 2023
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  • David Schenker
Brief Analysis
Planning Beyond a Baghdad-Kurdistan Budget Deal
Iraq’s bloated 2023 budget has created space for the Kurds to get a share of the wealth this year, but preparing for the next leap to permanent solutions is more important.
Mar 24, 2023
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  • Michael Knights
Lebanon Flag
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Can Federalism Work in Lebanon?
For those promoting federalism in Lebanon, a historical analysis of the country's geographic and ethnosectarian divisions demonstrates the necessity of inclusive discussion and collective engagement.
Mar 20, 2023
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  • Robert Rabil
An Iraqi member of a Shia PMF militia
Articles & Testimony
Remaking Iraq: How Iranian-Backed Militias Captured the Country
The slow-rolling regime change focused on capturing U.S.-supported institutions and turning them against U.S. interests, highlighting the threat that motivated, well-funded groups pose to developing democracies.
Mar 20, 2023
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  • Crispin Smith
  • Michael Knights
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
How Iraqis View Life after the Fall of Saddam—Twenty Years Ago and Today
Two decades after the fall of Saddam Hussein, widespread frustration with the current state of Iraq is leading increasing numbers to express a negative view of life in the post-Saddam era.
Mar 19, 2023
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  • Munqith Dagher
Articles & Testimony
Neglect for Human Rights Helped Produce the Crisis in Tunisia
Rampant corruption and economic instability facilitated Saied’s takeover, but Western governments need to recognize that these ills stem from deeper human rights problems such as unchecked police brutality, erosion of freedoms, and lack of respect for due process.
Mar 17, 2023
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu_
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Turkey’s Opposition, Straining at the Seams
Opposition factions face numerous difficulties in the lead-up to the next elections, as internal disputes may undermine their success.
Mar 16, 2023
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  • M. Bahadırhan Dinçaslan
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Electoral Law: Signaling a Short-Lived Run for Iraq’s Independent MPs?
A change to the Sainte-Laguë representation system will significantly hinder the ability of smaller parties and independent candidates to win seats in Iraq's next elections.
Mar 16, 2023
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  • Ashleigh Whelan
  • Mohanad Adnan
Articles & Testimony
Four Possible Scenarios for Tunisia’s Political Crisis
As waves of protest rock the country following mass arrests of political opponents, what will happen next?
Mar 14, 2023
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  • Karim Mezran
  • Sabina Henneberg
Video
Brief Analysis
Breaking Through the Fog of War:
The Challenges and Responsibilities of Reporting Under Fire in 2023
Four veteran journalists offer their insights from the frontlines of different combat zones, including Middle East conflicts and the Ukraine war.
Mar 16, 2023
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  • Missy Ryan
  • Tracy Wilkinson
  • Deborah Amos
  • Hanin Ghaddar
Palestinians throw stones near the West Bank border with Israel.
Brief Analysis
Youth Frustrations, PA Legitimacy Crisis Are Amplifying West Bank Violence
The PA’s weakening grip over its territory, coupled with the rise of a young generation frustrated with their political leaders, has helped accelerate the vicious cycle of Palestinian attacks and IDF crackdowns.
Mar 14, 2023
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  • Moran Stern
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Saied’s Tunisia Is Politicizing Counterterrorism Again
His government is using CT tools to go after the political opposition, but the ongoing lull in jihadist activity may give Washington some breathing room to press him on these issues.
Mar 9, 2023
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin

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Supported by the

Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Senior Fellow and managing editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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