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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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Brief Analysis
Reimplementing Iran Sanctions: Where, How, and How Much?
Read or watch a conversation with former Treasury and State Department officials on how the Trump administration should go about renewing financial pressure on Iran's oil industry and other sectors.
Jul 20, 2018
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  • Daniel L. Glaser
  • Suzanne Maloney
  • Katherine Bauer
◆ Counterterrorism Lecture Series
Articles & Testimony
Hezbollah's Corruption Crisis Runs Deep
The group's involvement in human trafficking and other criminal activities is far more extensive than Nasrallah cares to admit, going beyond anything his anti-corruption committee is likely to address.
Jul 20, 2018
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  • Matthew Levitt
Brief Analysis
Putting Iraq-KRG Oil Relations on Solid Legal Ground
Notwithstanding their decades of contention, the two governments must resolve their differences legally to make way for economic development and stave off public unrest.
Jul 19, 2018
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  • James Jeffrey
  • Bilal Wahab
Articles & Testimony
Political Divide Deepening in Turkey as Erdogan Assumes More Power
With the president aiming to force a dominant-party system on a split electorate, Turkish society may be headed for a long-term political crisis.
Jul 12, 2018
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  • Soner Cagaptay
President Donald Trump speaks about Syria
In-Depth Reports
Toward a New U.S. Policy in Syria
Ground Zero for Countering Iran and Deterring an Islamic State Revival
Today, Syria is the sole battlefield in the world where American, Russian, Turkish, Iranian, and Israeli military forces all operate, along with a kaleidoscope of proxy actors foreign and domestic. As the preeminent arena of strategic competition in the Middle East and a wellspring of potential Islamic State resurgence, Syria
Jul 10, 2018
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  • Katherine Bauer
  • Soner Cagaptay
  • Patrick Clawson
  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • James Jeffrey
  • Barbara A. Leaf
  • Matthew Levitt
  • Dennis Ross
  • Robert Satloff
Brief Analysis
Haftar's Play for Libyan Oil
To preserve Libyan unity, the United States should threaten to block any oil shipments not authorized by the country's internationally recognized government.
Jul 3, 2018
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  • Ben Fishman
Brief Analysis
Turkey's Historic Election: What to Expect Next?
Leading experts discuss how the results will affect Erdogan's foreign policy, the political potency of ascendant ultranationalists, and the opposition's chances of staying united.
Jun 29, 2018
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  • Soner Cagaptay
  • Lisel Hintz
  • Nick Danforth
  • Rich Outzen
Articles & Testimony
As a 'Kingmaker,' Turkey’s Nationalist Faction Could Bring Trouble
Erdogan's trickiest challenge will be staving off MHP pressure on Russian and Kurdish issues while keeping the party from taking down his government.
Jun 28, 2018
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Brief Analysis
Erdogan's Victory Could Actually Improve U.S.-Turkish Relations
Turkey’s decisive election results and shaky geopolitical situation could make it more amenable to addressing U.S. concerns about Russian weapons sales, Iranian adventurism, and other key security issues.
Jun 27, 2018
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  • James Jeffrey
In-Depth Reports
A Tale of Six Tribes: Securing the Middle Euphrates River Valley
THE ISLAMIC STATE is now largely defeated militarily, with the U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces taking the eastern bank of the Euphrates River and a mosaic of largely Iran- and Russia-supported Assad-regime forces taking areas west of the river. As anti-IS operations wind down and the Trump administration considers its options
Jun 21, 2018
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  • Andrew J. Tabler
Articles & Testimony
There Is Hope for Democracy in Turkey, Even If Erdogan Wins Again
Three ascending candidates are whittling away at Erdogan's base, posing a long-term challenge to his rule even if they can't unseat him in this election.
Jun 20, 2018
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Turkish president Erdogan - Source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Erdogan Enters Turkish Elections with More Power but Less Support
The president will probably become even more authoritarian in the coming months, knowing that a majority of citizens would vote him out in a fair election.
Jun 20, 2018
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Articles & Testimony
Saudi Reform and Security Through a Gulf Lens
Encouraging more liberal policies remains difficult when America’s Gulf partners believe certain reforms run counter to their security interests.
Jun 19, 2018
◆
  • Lori Plotkin Boghardt
Brief Analysis
Iran's Vulnerabilities to U.S. Sanctions (Part 2): Working Smarter, Not Harder
Pending policy decisions on reimposing sanctions will give Washington opportunities to calibrate its arsenal of measures against illicit Iranian financial activity.
Jun 18, 2018
◆
  • Katherine Bauer
Brief Analysis
Iran’s Vulnerabilities to U.S. Sanctions (Part 1): Finding the Weak Spots
The regime’s most vulnerable point is its precarious banking system, whose persistent mismanagement, capital shortfalls, and lack of transparency have already sparked public protests.
Jun 14, 2018
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  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Jordan’s Economic Protests: Repackaging Reform
A new government, delayed tax hikes, and extra Gulf aid can alleviate unrest for now, but such measures cannot mask the kingdom’s fundamental need for unpopular economic reforms.
Jun 13, 2018
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  • Ghaith al-Omari
  • Ben Fishman
Brief Analysis
Iranian Militias in Iraq's Parliament: Political Outcomes and U.S. Response
As Washington mulls sanctions on Asaib Ahl al-Haq and similar groups, it should mind the volatility of Baghdad’s near-term political situation and the questionable efficacy of ‘wing’ distinctions.
Jun 11, 2018
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  • Phillip Smyth
Brief Analysis
Recount Will Test the Integrity of Iraq’s Elections
If conducted in a transparent and accountable fashion, the process could infuse some much-needed confidence into the country’s democratic process, despite the risks.
Jun 11, 2018
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  • Bilal Wahab
Brief Analysis
Saudi Cabinet Changes: The 'March of Modernization'?
The raft of new appointments reflects the crown prince’s vision of transforming the economy, but a simultaneous statement about recent arrests shows the limits on political freedom.
Jun 4, 2018
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
Action and Reaction: Royal Rhetoric Responds to the PJD
The PJD and the monarchy will continue competing for stewardship of the reform process—and for the right to define what it means to be an Islamist party post-Arab Spring.
May 25, 2018
◆
  • Sarah Feuer

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Supported by the

Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Senior Fellow and managing editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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