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North Africa

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In-Depth Reports

Middle East Maritime Security: The Growing Role of Regional and Extraregional Navies

A number of developments are transforming the Middle East maritime security environment, with profound implications for regional trade and security. Historically, protection of (SLOCs) sea lines of communication--a process integral to projecting power regionally--was the purview of only Great Power nations such as the United States and Britain. Today, by

Theodore Karasik
Jeremy Vaughan

Terrorism in Europe: The Moroccan Connection

The prominence of Moroccan expatriates among the perpetrators of high-profile attacks contrasts with the kingdom's relative success in containing its own domestic jihadism threat.

Sarah Feuer
David Pollock

On Libya Policy, Trump Defers to Europe

Rather than leaving the job to Europe, Washington can articulate a clear Libya policy at the September UN General Assembly meeting, thereby making a political deal more likely to achieve and enforce.

Ben Fishman

The Qatar Crisis on the Mediterranean's Shores

Secretary Tillerson should bear in mind that his diplomatic efforts over Qatar's role in the Middle East will have significant implications for the balance of power in Libya, not just the Gulf.

Ben Fishman

Articles & Testimony

Tunisia: A Success Story?

In recent years, U.S. assistance has played a significant role in bringing Tunisia through its darker moments and helped it sustain a complex transition.

Sarah Feuer

In-Depth Reports

How al-Qaeda Survived Drones, Uprisings, and the Islamic State

Over the past eight years, al-Qaeda's fortunes have ebbed and flowed. Drones, uprisings, and a challenge from the Islamic State have forced the core al-Qaeda organization—historically based in the Afghanistan/Pakistan region—and its various branches to adapt and migrate outward. In this new Policy Focus, Washington Institute fellow Aaron Y. Zelin

Aaron Y. Zelin

Articles & Testimony

Russia's Strategic Objectives in the Middle East and North Africa

The Institute's leading Russia expert outlines the best means of tempering Moscow's influence in the region, recommending a more active U.S. military and diplomatic role while explaining why Putin will never be a reliable partner there.

Anna Borshchevskaya

Counter-radicalization and de-radicalization in Egypt and Libya: Returnees and Foresight

June 13, 2017 At the beginning of May, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Raad al-Hussein expressed concerns over Egypt’s policies to combat extremism, highlighting that a state of emergency, the massive numbers of detentions, and arbitrary arrest facilitate radicalization. Meantime, the Libyan President Fayez al-Sarraj and General

Sara Brzuszkiewicz

Morocco's Escalating Protests Call for a Careful Response

To help a key North African ally preserve its stability, Washington should quietly urge the kingdom to take measures that address the protestors' demands -- and reconsider cutting U.S. assistance.

Sarah Feuer

Articles & Testimony

The Cynical Conspiracy War on Egypt's Christians

The Muslim Brotherhood isn't behind the callous mass murder of Copts, but it's certainly fanning the flames of hatred.

Eric Trager

Has Mohammed VI Succeeded in Reining in the Islamists?

May 25th, 2017 On his return from an extended African trip in March, Mohammed VI removed and replaced Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane with Saadeddine Othmani as head of government-designate. The Islamist party, realizing the seriousness of the situation, reviewed their political position and instructed Othmani to opt for malleability and

Mohamed Chtatou

In-Depth Reports

The Trump Administration and Libya: The Necessity for Engagement

With President Donald Trump participating in his first international summits, several of America's EU and Gulf allies will be considering the future of Libya. Trump's statement in April that he sees no role for the United States in Libya not only signaled a lack of interest in the fragile state

Ben Fishman

Manchester Attack Highlights Foreign Fighters in Libya

Even as the Islamic State continues to lose territory, its evolution in Libya since 2014 should convince Western authorities not to underestimate its capacity for directing lethal attacks abroad.

Aaron Y. Zelin

A Change of Power: Morocco after Benkirane’s Ouster

March 23, 2017 In mid-March, the Moroccan King Mohammed VI invoked Article Forty-Seven of the 2011 Constitution to remove President Abdelilah Benkirane from his post. The king asked the career politician from relatively modest means in Rabat-Salé to step down despite appointing him for a second term, his party winning

Colette Apelian

Articles & Testimony

Egypt's Failed War on Terror

Cairo has demonstrated a stunning lack of will to eradicate ISIS from Egyptian territory and has been losing ground against a virulent but numerically small insurgency in the Sinai.

David Schenker

Articles & Testimony

When International Guarantees Utterly Failed

The international community's vacillation and vague guarantees in the run-up to the 1967 war taught the Israelis an important cautionary lesson: when the chips are down, they need to be able to defend themselves by themselves.

David Makovsky

Algeria's Growing Security Problems

By encouraging Algiers to develop a more comprehensive approach to the persistent extremist threat in the south and east, Washington can also help manage the crises in Libya and Mali.

Vish Sakthivel

Articles & Testimony

Could Italy Get Trump to Care About Fixing Libya?

To take a strong step forward on a major ongoing conflict, the president should listen closely to a U.S. ally and make a clear statement in support of Libya's unity government and the UN-sponsored peace process.

Ben Fishman

Articles & Testimony

Fifteen Years After the Djerba Synagogue Bombing

Tunisia has had one of the largest foreign fighter mobilizations to the battlefields of Libya, Iraq, and Syria, so its outsize representation in the ranks of international terrorist operatives will likely persist well into the future.

Aaron Y. Zelin

Articles & Testimony

Despite Attacks Egypt Maintains Conventional Military Strategy

Having demonstrated that he is a sincere partner and friend, President Trump can now approach Sisi for a serious conversation about helping Cairo improve its performance against jihadis in the Sinai.

Eric Trager

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