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A Marine Corps training jet on board the USS Gerald Ford, CVN-78 - source: Department of Defense
Articles & Testimony
Will Hezbollah Target American Assets Amid Israel’s War on Gaza?
Iranian proxies are deliberately escalating against American forces in the region as a warning against continued support for Israel’s war, but Hezbollah attacks would take the crisis to a different level.
Oct 23, 2023
◆
  • David Schenker
Ships of the US Navy's Fifth Fleet on exercise in the Persian Gulf
Articles & Testimony
The Risks of a Wider War with Iran and Its Proxies
Beefing up U.S. naval deployments is not enough to boost deterrence—Washington must also respond decisively to proxy attacks on its forces and increase economic pressure on Tehran.
Oct 23, 2023
◆
  • David Schenker
Articles & Testimony
The Mission Ahead for Israel
Although the immediate goal is to destroy Hamas’s terrorist regime in Gaza, there is no viable alternative to a political solution in the longer term.
Oct 21, 2023
◆
  • Zohar Palti
  • Neomi Neumann
Figure 1 Islamic Resistance taking responsibility for targeting Tanf
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Profile: The Islamic Resistance in Iraq
The Telegram brand that emerged in October 2023 is not a group per se, but rather a generic name used to denote unity among Iran-backed armed groups and deemphasize their individual identities during attacks spurred by the Gaza war.
Oct 21, 2023
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles
Secretary of State Antony Blinken places a tile that reads "Light in the darkness" on a wall at the Abrahamic Family House in Abu Dhabi, October 14, 2023.
Video
Brief Analysis
The Israel-Hamas War and U.S. Policy: An Update
A panel of experts discuss the status of the crisis after nearly two weeks of fighting, focusing on President Biden’s visit, the contours of humanitarian assistance, ongoing de-escalation efforts, and more.
Oct 20, 2023
◆
  • Zohar Palti
  • David Makovsky
  • Grant Rumley
  • Ghaith al-Omari
  • Neomi Neumann
U.S. and Iranian flags
Articles & Testimony
America’s Failing Iran Nuclear Policy: Time for a Course Adjustment
Policymakers need to stay focused on halting the regime’s fissile material buildup while undertaking a broader, longer-term effort to shape its assessment of the risks, costs, and utility of nuclear weapons.
Oct 20, 2023
◆
  • Michael Eisenstadt
Figure 3 A 5x3 cube of 107mm rockets, Baghdad, October 19, 2023.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Facade Group Linked to Iran Claims Five Attacks on Americans in Iraq and Syria
A new Telegram account claiming anti-U.S. attacks is linked to Iran's Qods Force and other designated terrorist organizations.
Oct 20, 2023
◆
  • Amir al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
  • Hamdi Malik
◆ Militia Spotlight
Articles & Testimony
Russian Policy and Hamas’ Assault: Putin Benefits From Chaos
As Russian forces make another push for Ukraine’s heartland, Western officials need to recognize the connections between the Gaza crisis and Moscow’s wider strategic goals.
Oct 2023
◆
  • Anna Borshchevskaya
Gaza cover
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Signs of Iranian Coordination in Iraqi Base Attacks and Messaging
Iran's proxies undertook two drone attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, and the related social media operations suggest that Iran's Qods Force played a coordinating function.
Oct 18, 2023
◆
  • Amir al-Kaabi
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Brief Analysis
Israel’s War Aims and the Principles of a Post-Hamas Administration in Gaza
It’s not too early to think about the “day after” the war—even preliminary planning to create an interim administration will help clarify objectives for Israel’s leaders, sustain U.S. support, provide a more positive alternative future for Palestinians, and give Arab allies a rationale to play a more constructive role.
Oct 17, 2023
◆
  • Robert Satloff
  • Dennis Ross
  • David Makovsky
Photo showing flame and smoke rising over Lebanon's border with Israel.
Video
Brief Analysis
Will Hezbollah and Iran Expand War to Israel's North?
A former senior IDF official joins Lebanese and U.S. experts to discuss whether additional fronts are poised to open in the north, and what Washington is doing to avert this risk.
Oct 17, 2023
◆
  • Yair Golan
  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • David Schenker
  • Farzin Nadimi
KH Gaza
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Coded Militia Language Aims to Signal Escalation
The Iraqi "resistance" is using language that previously presaged attacks on U.S. targets, whether sincerely or as a supportive bluff amid the latest Hamas-Israel crisis.
Oct 16, 2023
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Crispin Smith
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Brief Analysis
Deterring Escalation and Expansion of the Gaza War by Iran’s “Axis of Resistance”
The United States must underscore the risks that such action would incur and incentivize Tehran to rein in its proxies and partners.
Oct 13, 2023
◆
  • Michael Eisenstadt
  • Michael Knights
Muqawama Gaza
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Iran-Backed Militias Applaud Hamas, Threaten Americans
Iraq's "resistance" militias all rhetorically supported the attack on Israel, but with interesting differences: Badr threatened Americans, while others seemed to downplay potential involvement.
Oct 13, 2023
◆
  • Amir al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Articles & Testimony
Hamas Attacks: A Turning Point for U.S. Policy
A Statement of Washington Institute Experts
The October 7 terrorist attacks by Hamas against Israel represent a turning point that should bring home oft-overlooked realities about the Middle East and compel U.S. policymakers to rethink preconceptions about the region and America's role and interests in it.
Oct 13, 2023
◆
  • Robert Satloff
  • Dennis Ross
  • Michael Singh
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Gaza’s Urban Warfare Challenge: Lessons from Mosul and Raqqa
The differences and parallels between urban battlefield circumstances in Gaza, Iraq, and Syria give U.S. policymakers a sobering but clear view of what exactly they will be committing to in supporting Israel’s ground campaign.
Oct 13, 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
Israeli Iron Dome missiles intercept rockets fired into Israel from Gaza by Hamas in October 2023 - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
The New Middle East: Hamas Attack, Israel at War, and U.S. Policy
Veteran U.S., Palestinian, and Israeli experts and policy practitioners explore the broader strategic repercussions of the unfolding war, as well as the factors that enabled Hamas to reach its current level of malign regional influence.
Oct 13, 2023
◆
  • Robert Satloff
  • Ehud Yaari
  • Matthew Levitt
  • Neomi Neumann
  • Ghaith al-Omari
Brief Analysis
Hezbollah Miscalculations and the Gaza War
The group might be content with its existing political gains from the conflict, but Washington should still try to shift its calculus given the grave risks of a wider war.
Oct 12, 2023
◆
  • Hanin Ghaddar
An Arrow anti-missile rocket fires in a test launch in a joint exercise between U.S. and Israeli forces - source: Department of Defense
Brief Analysis
U.S. Wartime Support to Israel: First Steps and Future Considerations
The Biden administration views its defense support to Israel as sufficient at the current level of hostilities, but that may change as the war progresses and, potentially, expands.
Oct 12, 2023
◆
  • Grant Rumley
Articles & Testimony
The War Hamas Always Wanted
Despite the completely surprising nature of the attack, Hamas did in fact give multiple signals that a major operation was in the works.
Oct 11, 2023
◆
  • Matthew Levitt

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Military and Security Studies Program

The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program has established itself as an unrivaled source of reliable, incisive, and forward-looking analysis concerning several of the most critical national-security challenges facing the United States today: The U.S. military role in the Middle East, Iran's nuclear program and its proxy armies, the ongoing conflict is in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen, the regional proliferation of missiles and weapons of mass destruction, the security dimensions of the Arab-Israeli conflict, and many other security issues on the frontline of the U.S. policymaking agenda.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Senior Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.
Michael Knights
Michael Knights
Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and cofounder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to Iran-backed militias.
Grant Rumley
Grant Rumley
Grant Rumley is the Meisel-Goldberger Senior Fellow and Director of the Diane and Guilford Glazer Foundation Program on Great Power Competition and the Middle East at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Elizabeth Dent - source: The Washington Institute
Elizabeth Dent
Elizabeth Dent is a Senior Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where she focuses on U.S. foreign and defense policy toward the Gulf states, Iraq, and Syria.
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