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In-Depth Reports

Dangerous Drift:

Russia's Middle East Policy

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, Russian superpower presence in the Middle East faded, and since 1991, a vision of Russian national interest in the region has been missing. Pushed by a succession of narrow domestic corporate and bureaucratic interests, as well

From UNSCOM to UNMOVIC:

The Future of Weapons Inspections in Iraq

When the United Nations (UN) Security Council created UNSCOM in April 1991, it intended to create an efficient, professional organization that would catalyze international cooperation in support of dismantling Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threat. The first task was to identify and supervise the elimination of "prohibited items," in

Articles & Testimony

Can the United States Influence the WMD Policies of Iraq and Iran?

Iraq and Iran are likely to pose some of the most difficult long-term proliferation challenges for the United States in the coming years. Both countries remain actively committed to developing weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in spite of obstacles created by export controls and sanctions, and even though they are

Iran's Nuclear Weapons Program:

Status and Implications

Iran is pursuing a strategy of flexible acquisition, keeping multiple options open. It wants to take advantage of any opportunities to obtain required materials out of the former Soviet Union. At the same time, it aims to develop a nuclear infrastructure over the long term, pursuing the whole process of

Michael Eisenstadt

Resuming Inspections:

The Unresolved Problem of Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction

In the next few days, the United Nations (UN) Security Council will have to decide whether to approve a new inspections regime for Iraqs weapons of mass destruction (WMD). For six months, the Council members have been debating this matter in closed meetings. The impetus to act now comes from

Michael Eisenstadt

In-Depth Reports

America and the Middle East:

Meeting the Challenge

This is a critical juncture for the Middle East and for U.S. foreign policy, and vigorous American engagement in the world is key. Our engagement has a huge impact on the peace and prosperity of the Middle East, and a huge impact on every part of the world. Not everyone

Pakistan, Proliferation, and the Middle East

This week's coup d'tat in Pakistan against the elected government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has returned the Pakistani military to power just as neighboring India was installing a new government after national elections. While much attention is being focused on the immediate risk of a diplomatic confrontation between the

Simon Henderson

Articles & Testimony

Living with a Nuclear Iran?

The nuclear status quo that has prevailed in the Middle East since the 1960s is eroding. Israel remains the sole (undeclared) nuclear-weapons state. But Iraq, having defied the United Nations for nearly a decade, retains its nuclear know-how, and has broken out of its IAEA and UNSCOM cage. And there

Michael Eisenstadt

Russian Arms Sales to the Middle East

During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was the number one arms supplier to the Middle East. Moscow's arms transfers during this period were motivated primarily by geostrategic and ideological considerationsin particular its competition with the United Statesand arms were often sold at bargain-basement prices. Yet, with the end of

Disarming Iraq:

Lessons from the UNSCOM Experience

Last December's Operation Desert Fox resulted in the death of the UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM). This leads to the question of how to deal with the issue of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) capabilities. Status of Iraqi WMD Between 1991 and 1998, UNSCOM achieved considerable results in

Inching toward Peace, Inching toward War

In-Depth Reports

America's Fight against Terrorism:

At Home and Abroad

It is a great honor to be here tonight, but also a little daunting to speak before this group about terrorism. What can I tell you that you -- after studying terrorism for so many years and personally experiencing it -- do not already know? At the risk of preaching

Richard Clarke

Uncovering Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction:

Past Achievements, Current Challenges

It is impossible to determine exactly what Iraq is concealing because Iraq has not accurately reported what it had to begin with. Therefore, it is not possible to produce a precise material balance of initial and current holdings. However, it is possible -- using data derived from Iraqi documents in

America, Iraq, and UNSCOM:

Saddam Husayn's refusal to cooperate with United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) has re-opened a confrontation with the U.N. and the United States that was temporarily resolved through Kofi Annan's diplomatic efforts in February 1998. Over the course of that earlier crisis, U.S. officials made strong statements about the threat posed

In-Depth Reports

Iraq Strategy Review:

Options for U.S. Policy

Iraq has been a continuing problem for U.S. policy, as was brought home during the November 1997-February 1998 crisis. Whereas much dissatisfaction was heard about the current policy, the popular debate exposed the difficulties with alternative courses of action. The challenge posed by Iraq for U.S. policy has some enduring

Patrick Clawson

Middle East Reverberations of the Nuclear Tests in India and Pakistan

The recent nuclear tests conducted by India and Pakistan have aroused a range of reactions across the Middle East. Following are representative statements by politicians and media analysts regarding the significance and the implications of the nuclear competition on the Indian subcontinent. Statements from the Arab World "Pakistan's possession of

Dual Bomb Blasts in South Asia:

Implications for the Middle East

The recent series of nuclear weapons tests in South Asia -- reportedly five bombs by India last week and five by Pakistan yesterday -- are likely to have reverberations for nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, though the impact of these tests may not be evident for some time. A

Michael Eisenstadt

Articles & Testimony

Iran under Khatami:

Weapons of Mass Destruction, Terrorism, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Subcommittee on Near East and South Asian Affairs The May 1997 election of Mohammad Khatami as president of Iran has raised hopes and expectations of change in Iran's domestic and foreign policy. In the foreign policy arena, it is possible to discern a

Michael Eisenstadt

In-Depth Reports

U.S. Policy in the Gulf:

Five Years of Dual Containment

It is a great pleasure to be here this evening to speak to this audience on the subject of U.S. policy in the Gulf. I would especially like to thank Rob Satloff for inviting me. Five years ago, of course, my predecessor, Martin Indyk, addressed the Institute on our policy

Articles & Testimony

Missiles and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) in Iraq and Iran:

Current Developments and Potential for Future Surprises

The following analysis was prepared for the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States (The Rumsfeld Commission), March 23, 1998. This paper will attempt to answer the following questions: 1) What are the current missile capabilities of Iraq and Iran? 2) What kind of WMD payloads

Michael Eisenstadt

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Featured experts

Patrick Clawson

Patrick Clawson

Patrick Clawson is the Morningstar Senior Fellow and Research Counselor at The Washington Institute.

Michael Singh

Michael Singh is the Managing Director and Lane-Swig Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.

Simon Henderson

Simon Henderson

Simon Henderson is the Baker Senior Fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.

Henry Rome

Henry Rome was a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, specializing in Iran sanctions, economic, and nuclear issues.

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