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Gulf States

Policy Analysis on Gulf States

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Articles & Testimony
JTIC Briefing:
Jeddah Attack Underscores Fall in Capabilities of Saudi Militants
The 6 December 2004 assault on the US consulate in Jeddah ended six months of relative calm in the Kingdom and provided an unwelcome reminder that the Al-Qaeda movement is down but not out in the region. Michael Knights analyses whether the attack was an unsuccessful anomaly or the leading
Jan 1, 2005
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  • Michael Knights
Brief Analysis
Saudi Stability in the Shadow of the U.S. Consulate Attack in Jeddah
The December 6 terrorist attack on the U.S. consulate in the Saudi port city of Jeddah, which killed five non-American staff members, was a worrisome display of al-Qaeda's careful planning, detailed timing, and audaciousness. Worse still, the assault contradicts Riyadh's claims that it has contained the threat of terrorism. The
Dec 7, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
The UAE After Sheikh Zayed: Tensions Between Tribe and State
The formal succession has been smooth so far, but many questions remain about how the ruling family will handle major regional decisionmaking in practice.
Nov 16, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
Elections in Saudi Arabia:
Assessing the Latest Postponement
Municipal elections in Saudi Arabia, scheduled to begin in November, have been postponed until 2005. Given that these will be the first public political elections ever to take place in the kingdom, their introduction has been keenly watched, both domestically and from abroad. The latest delay, the second since the
Sep 24, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
The Hand of Bandar?
As everyone knows, Saudis, if not Saudi Arabia, were central to the horrific events of September 11, 2001. Fifteen out of 19 hijackers were Saudi, plus the Saudi-born Osama bin Laden, (from whom the kingdom withdrew citizenship in the 1990s). What is perhaps surprising therefore is that Saudi Arabia is
Aug 5, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
The al-Qaeda Challenge to Saudi Arabia
As a result of the 2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, the al-Qaeda network now consists of small, local, and autonomous affiliate groups that attack domestic and Western targets alike. Ties between affiliate groups and the former al-Qaeda core is largely informal. For example, recent attacks have been claimed by affiliates
Jul 29, 2004
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  • Jonathan Schanzer
  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
The Broader Threat from Sunni Islamists in the Gulf
On July 14, 2004, Bahraini security forces arrested seven suspected terrorists accused of planning "to carry out bombings on some government, economic, and tourist facilities to spread chaos and fear and harm the national economy and foreign investments." The arrests targeted a group of Sunni radicals of the extremist Salafi
Jul 19, 2004
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  • Michael Knights
Articles & Testimony
Saudi Arabia Faces Long-Term Insecurity
A string of terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia sent oil prices to a 21-year high in early June and prompted speculation about the future stability of the Al-Saud regime. Yet, the near-term terrorist threat presents a relatively minor risk compared to the longer-term possibility of state failure....
Jul 1, 2004
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  • Michael Knights
Articles & Testimony
Yemen's War on Terror
Yemen has emerged of late as one of the more fertile locations for Al Qaeda activity. Al Qaeda's Yemeni affiliate, the Islamic Army of Aden-Abyan (IAA), has executed a number of spectacular attacks against Western interests in recent years. It was responsible for the 1998 kidnapping of sixteen Western tourists
Jun 24, 2004
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  • Jonathan Schanzer
Articles & Testimony
Why Americans Die in Riyadh
Three Americans murdered in Saudi capital, Riyadh, in just two weeks. Two of them beheaded, gruesomely hacked off with a knife rather than severed with an axe. There can be few surer ways of attracting the attention of the American public. But then the leader of the gang of Islamic
Jun 21, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
Bin Laden Increases His Challenge to the House of Saud
The implications of the assault on al-Khobar are huge. It confirms that there has been a significant shift in the pattern of terror attacks in Saudi Arabia; the battle between Osama bin Laden and the royal House of Saud is shifting gear. Although the casualties are far fewer than those
May 31, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
Relying on the Saudis:
The Challenge for U.S. Oil Policy
Over the past week, oil prices have exceeded $40 per barrel for the first time since the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and gasoline prices in parts of the United States are now more $2 per gallon. Contributing to this increase were heightened concerns about supply, particularly in the wake
May 12, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
Making Friends
Despite the recent chaos in Iraq and the uncertain future of the country, it is clear that the post-Saddam Hussein Middle East is a very different place. There might not be peace yet between Israelis and Palestinians, but Libya's decision to give up weapons of mass destruction is an indication
May 1, 2004
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  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
Challenges in Iraq:
Learning From Yemen?
The Yemeni media recently reported that thousands of Iraqis who fled Saddam Husayn's brutal regime and have lived in Yemen for more than a decade are now thinking about returning home. Many of these individuals are encouraged by signs of new infrastructure and a recovering economy in Iraq. If and
Mar 26, 2004
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  • Jonathan Schanzer
Brief Analysis
Terror at the Hajj
Among the two million Muslims participating in this year's Hajj in Mecca were a relatively small number of Palestinians and Israeli Arabs. While the vast majority of these pilgrims devoted all of their time in Mecca to religious purposes, others participated in meetings with terrorist operatives as well. Indeed, Hamas
Mar 3, 2004
Articles & Testimony
Charity Begins in Riyadh
Since June, intermittent reports have suggested Riyadh was on the verge of taking firm action against terror financiers among the Saudi elite. After a series of unexplained delays, a U.S. delegation visiting the Saudi capital in December finally secured Saudi agreement to shut the offices of the al Haramain Foundation
Feb 2, 2004
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  • Matthew Levitt
Brief Analysis
Waging the War on Terror:
Are the Saudis Starting to Turn the Corner?
MATTHEW LEVITT In the wake of the al-Qaeda attacks in Riyadh in May and November 2003, the Saudis have made significant progress toward stemming the flow of funds to terrorists. Though bold and welcome, the Saudi measures still fall short of transforming the kingdom from the "epicenter" of terrorist financing
Dec 31, 2003
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  • Matthew Levitt
  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
Gulf Sheikhdoms Have America in Their Future
Lift up your eyes. Look to the future. There is a different world out there than the diet of Middle Eastern violence and anti-Americanism that we are fed in Europe, and that people of the Middle East are being served up as well. Nowhere is this truer than in the
Dec 4, 2003
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  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
Yemen's al-Qaeda Amnesty:
Revolving Door or Evolving Strategy?
Today, Yemeni authorities announced the capture of al-Qaeda militant Mohammed Hamdi al-Ahdal. This arrest comes amid a series of statements by Yemeni president Ali Abdallah Salih declaring his intent to release dozens of suspects with links to al-Qaeda in exchange for promises that they would renounce violence. Paradoxically, Salih and
Nov 26, 2003
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  • Jonathan Schanzer
Brief Analysis
Saudi Saber Rattling
By deploying F-15 strike aircraft to a northwestern airbase in March 2003 and holding large combined-arms exercises near the Gulf of Aqaba in mid-October, Saudi Arabia has indicated its desire to act more freely in asserting its territorial sovereignty vis-à-vis Israel. These actions -- which Washington and Riyadh might previously
Oct 30, 2003
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  • Michael Knights

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Senior Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker Senior Fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Michael Knights
Michael Knights
Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and cofounder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to Iran-backed militias.
Elizabeth Dent - source: The Washington Institute
Elizabeth Dent
Elizabeth Dent is a Senior Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where she focuses on U.S. foreign and defense policy toward the Gulf states, Iraq, and Syria.
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