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Energy & Economics

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A sign and mural in Tehran promote the Fatteh missile and threaten Israel with the slogan "400 Seconds to Tel Aviv" - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Tehran Makes Gains, But Concerns Persist About Regime Vulnerability
The regime has been able to drive economic growth, stifle mass protests, and expand its infiltration of neighboring countries, but lingering existential concerns could spur it toward even bolder courses of action—including potential nuclear breakout.
Jan 30, 2024
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  • Patrick Clawson
Suez Canal from the bottom of the Peace Bridge
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Cairo: Stuck between Securing the Red Sea and Avoiding a Perception of Support for Israel
Despite economic losses, Egypt is still hesitant to participate in any direct military operations to deter the Houthis. Cairo believes that it is more appropriate to work towards ending the military operations in the Gaza Strip and launching a political process, rather than opening a new front to expand the conflict in the Middle East.
Jan 26, 2024
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  • Mohamed Maher
  • Mohamed Farid
A video board displays various oil and gas commodity prices in September 2023 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Why Oil Prices Aren’t Spiking
Prices are set by multiple factors in today’s oil markets, so predicting shocks based on Middle East crises is not a sure bet.
Jan 22, 2024
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Ships of the US Navy's Fifth Fleet on exercise in the Persian Gulf
Articles & Testimony
Will the U.S.-British Strikes Stop the Houthi Attacks on Red Sea Shipping?
The effectiveness of the joint operation is not year clear, but either way it almost certainly wasn’t the concluding episode in Iran’s long-running game of Gulf proxy warfare.
Jan 12, 2024
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
There Is a Lot More Egypt Could Do for Gaza
Sisi’s red line against absorbing displaced Palestinians won’t budge, but Egypt can certainly host crucial initiatives that help them rebuild Gaza, train security personnel, desalinate water, and replace jobs Israel is no longer willing to provide.
Jan 9, 2024
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  • David Schenker
Drainage system in Sidon, Lebanon
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Devastating Impact of Lebanon’s Environmental Failures
International cooperation and support—with appropriate safeguarding measures to prevent the misappropriation of funds—are crucial for Lebanon to effectively combat environmental degradation and work toward a more sustainable future.
Jan 8, 2024
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  • Peter S. Germanos
  • Samara Azzi
Photo showing flame and smoke rising over Lebanon's border with Israel.
Articles & Testimony
The World Prepares for Gaza War Escalation
The players have climbed another rung on the escalatory ladder in Iraq, Lebanon, and the Red Sea, exacerbating worries about a wider regional conflict and more serious economic effects.
Jan 7, 2024
◆
  • David Schenker
The bow of a Maersk container cargo ship at sea - source: Maersk
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Better Late than Never: Bahrain’s Attitude Towards the Red Sea Defense Coalition
The multinational security operation Prosperity Guardian—of which Bahrain is a member—has the potential to protect trade in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, curb piracy and armed robbery on commercial ships, preserve supply and energy chains, and enhance regional security and prosperity.
Dec 29, 2023
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  • Ahdeya Ahmed Al-Sayed
Articles & Testimony
After 'Green Talk' at COP28, Where Should Iraq Begin?
OPEC’s second-biggest oil producer must demonstrate how it will balance its goals of reducing emissions, increasing crude production, and continuing the use of high-sulfur liquid fuels in the power sector.
Dec 27, 2023
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Harry Istepanian
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Rising Pressure on Red Sea Transit
As Houthi attacks continue, more companies are deciding to take costly detours around Africa, increasing the urgency of bolstering local security measures.
Dec 22, 2023
◆
  • Noam Raydan
Brief Analysis
Saudi Arabia Signals Delays for Some Vision 2030 Plans
Squeezed by weak oil prices, Riyadh is acknowledging that some of its economic plans are over-ambitious.
Dec 14, 2023
◆
  • Simon Henderson
An aerial view of a U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve storage facility near the Gulf coast - source: Department of Energy
Articles & Testimony
Biden’s Oil Purchase Is a Mere Drop in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve
Amid ongoing uncertainty over Gulf shipping attacks and Russian oil diplomacy, the reserve is still running lower than it should.
Dec 12, 2023
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  • Simon Henderson
New oil tanker, Sumer, seen docked at Khor Al-Zubair Port in southern Iraq on Sept. 28, 2023 - Source: Iraqi Ministry of Oil
Articles & Testimony
Why Iraq’s Oil Tanker Ambitions Have Not Made It to Deep Waters
Efforts to expand the tanker fleet are welcome, but officials must also hire the right staff, untangle the regulatory environment, conduct major restructuring, and clarify questions about existing joint ventures.
Dec 6, 2023
◆
  • Noam Raydan
Map showing alternate shipping routes caused by the Gaza war.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Houthi Ship Attacks Are Affecting Red Sea Trade Routes
Industry figures are already rerouting some Israeli-linked ships and expressing concern about the increased attacks, but much wider economic repercussions could unfold if Houthi antishipping activity continues indefinitely or escalates.
Dec 7, 2023
◆
  • Noam Raydan
Houthi drone aircraft on display in Yemen - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Iran-Backed Attacks on Ships in the Red Sea Underscore a U.S. Dilemma
Given the lack of a decisive U.S. response, further clashes will likely arise in strategically crucial waterways whenever Tehran sees fit to nudge the Houthis.
Dec 4, 2023
◆
  • Simon Henderson
COP28 Logo - source: United Nations
Brief Analysis
Rising Temperatures at Dubai’s COP28 Meeting
The conference agenda extends well beyond climate issues, with implications for regional rivalries, U.S.-Emirati relations, and Israeli wartime diplomacy.
Nov 30, 2023
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  • Simon Henderson
Sultan Haitham at a meeting with Secretary Mike Pompeo
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Sultan’s Landmark Speech to the Majlis Oman: A Window into Oman’s Economic Reforms
Haitham spoke both as a sovereign and as a prime minister accounting for progress.
Nov 27, 2023
◆
  • Jonathan Campbell-James
Articles & Testimony
Houthi Ship Seizure, OPEC+ Meeting, and COP28 Plans Could Spike Oil Prices
As Iran-backed proxies continue targeting Israeli and U.S. interests, mounting public anger in the Gulf states might spur leaders to announce production cuts at this week’s cartel meeting.
Nov 20, 2023
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  • Simon Henderson
The Mari-B and Tamar gas platforms in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel - source: The Washington Institute
Brief Analysis
Israeli Offshore Gas Platform Near Gaza Resumes Production
The post-attack shutdown of the Tamar gas field had highlighted the vulnerability of Israel’s energy infrastructure.
Nov 15, 2023
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Iraq and KRG flags
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Developing a Practical Model to Solve the Iraq-KRG Oil Crisis
Baghdad should allow Kurdistan based oil operators to invest in the rest of Iraq as a part of a solution to the long-standing oil issue between Erbil and Baghdad, using a proven, practical model currently being implemented.
Nov 9, 2023
◆
  • Yerevan Saeed

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Featured experts

Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson is the Morningstar Senior Fellow and Research Counselor at The Washington Institute.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker Senior Fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Henry Rome
Henry Rome
Henry Rome was a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, specializing in Iran sanctions, economic, and nuclear issues.
Michael Singh
Michael Singh
Michael Singh is the Managing Director and Lane-Swig Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
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