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TWI Arabic: اللغة العربية Fikra Forum

انرژی و اقتصاد

Policy Analysis on انرژی و اقتصاد

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Brief Analysis
Beyond the Headlines:
Long-Term Trends in Mideast Stability
Day-by-day events of the Middle East -- from conflict in South Lebanon, to terrorism in Cairo, to elections in Israel -- obscure already well-established, longer-running economic trends that are having a profound impact on the shape of the region for years to come. Increasing populations, declining oil revenues and the
۳ مهٔ ۱۹۹۶
◆
  • Simon Henderson
In-Depth Reports
Syria Beyond the Peace Process
While the pursuit of Arab-Israeli peace justly remains the dominant U.S. interest in the Levant, it is important to assess Syrian politics through a wider political lens. Since coming to power in 1970, Assad has imposed a brutal, authoritarian police state that has brought an unprecedented measure of stability to
۱ فوریهٔ ۱۹۹۶
Brief Analysis
Turkish Customs Union with Europe:
What's at Stake
As the United States and its Western allies prepare to invest treasure and troops in Bosnia in order to support stability in the Balkans, European Parliamentarians in Strasbourg have the opportunity to support regional stability merely by raising their hands to vote in favor of a customs union agreement with
۱۳ دسامبر ۱۹۹۵
◆
  • Alan Makovsky
Brief Analysis
America, Iran, and the Allies:
To Halifax and Beyond
In recent weeks, President Clinton has taken unilateral action against Iran (imposing a ban on U.S. private investment and trade) and has attempted bilateral diplomacy (with Russia) to curtail Tehran's efforts to acquire nuclear power and technology. Because neither of these two initiatives can by themselves succeed in "containing" Iran
۱۵ مهٔ ۱۹۹۵
Brief Analysis
Chernomyrdin in the Gulf and Russia's Emerging Policy
As Israeli Prime Minister Rabin visits Washington, Russian Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin is in the Persian Gulf on a visit to several Arab Gulf states. Chernomyrdin's trip is the latest in a series of diplomatic visits, initiatives and high level statements which cumulatively signal that Russian policy toward the Gulf
۱۰ نوامبر ۱۹۹۴
In-Depth Reports
The Economy of Saudi Arabia:
Troubled Present, Grim Future
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia faces a grim economic future. Contrary to predictions in the late 1970s and early 1980s of rising prices for Middle Eastern oil, world oil demands and prices have followed a downward trend since 1981, resulting in a reduction in Saudi oil revenues. Since 1983 Saudi
۳۱ اوت ۱۹۹۴
In-Depth Reports
Tourism Cooperation in the Levant
Tourism offers an opportunity to promote the economic development of the Levant, demonstrate the material rewards of peace, and forge cooperation between Israel and its neighbors. To be economically sound, however, regional cooperation must generate additional tourism, rather than redistributing existing visitors. Foreign governments and international aid agencies can encourage
۱ مهٔ ۱۹۹۴
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Implications of Economic Decline in Saudi Arabia
On April 14, 1994, Dr. Eliyahu Kanovsky, a professor of economics at Bar Illan University and a leading authority on Middle East economics, addressed a session of The Washington Institute's Policy Forum. Dr. Kanovsky discussed Saudi Arabia's severe economic crisis, and its implications for domestic politics and stability. The following
۱۹ آوریل ۱۹۹۴
In-Depth Reports
Peace through Entrepreneurship:
Practical Ideas from Middle Eastern Business Leaders
Even as the historic signing of the Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on September 13, 1993 has raised hopes for an end to conflict, it has also created new challenges and opportunities for actually implementing peace in the Middle East. All the parties acknowledge that the political success of the peace
۱ ژانویهٔ ۱۹۹۴
In-Depth Reports
The Economic Consequences of the Persian Gulf War:
Accelerating OPEC's Demise
Of the many strategic interests that United States and its allies have in the Middle East, surely one of the most crucial is securing energy supplies from the region. The Gulf War of 1991 demonstrated the importance of Middle East oil in the international community’s strategic calculus. Since the oil
۱ اوت ۱۹۹۲
In-Depth Reports
The Economic Consequences of Peace for Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinians
While economic issues have not been a driving force in the Arab-Israeli peace process in the past, they are sure to play a critically important role in the historic negotiations looming ahead. Across the wide Sinai expanse, Egypt and Israel have little to show in the way of economic ties
۳۱ اوت ۱۹۹۱
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
  • Howard Rosen
Brief Analysis
The Impact of Sanctions on Iraq
Economic sanctions are making Iraq poorer day by day. The Iraqi economy is being hollowed out. The diet of the Iraqi people has already suffered markedly, with a drop of at least 25 percent in calories consumed. Yet despite all this, it would be wrong to jump to the conclusion
۵ دسامبر ۱۹۹۰
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
In-Depth Reports
Iraq's Economic and Military Vulnerabilities
"Will sanctions against Iraq work?" is a question too ambiguous to be useful. It leaves unspecified such key issues as what we want sanctions to accomplish and how Iraq would react if sanctions started to pinch. And, then, how much does Saddam Hussein care about what happens to Iraq's economy
۱ اکتبر ۱۹۹۰
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
In-Depth Reports
OPEC Ascendant?
Another Case of Crying Wolf
A moderate run-up in oil prices in 1989 has led many oil forecasters to project large price hikes through the 1990s and a far more powerful OPEC cartel; in short another oil shock in the mid-1990s. Recent warnings from forecasters are reminiscent of the alarmist—and mistaken—predictions that followed the oil
۱ ژوئن ۱۹۹۰
In-Depth Reports
Unaffordable Ambitions:
Syria's Military Build-Up and Economic Crisis
In the last decade, Syria has forcefully opposed U.S.-supported peace initiatives for Lebanon and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Syria’s inflexibility has persuaded many observers that little can be done to influence its president, Hafez al-Assad. In fact, much can be done once his vulnerabilities are understood. In this Policy Paper, Patrick
۱ اکتبر ۱۹۸۹
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
In-Depth Reports
Development Diplomacy:
U.S. Economic Assistance to the West Bank and Gaza
For more than a decade, U.S. policymakers have sought, at least indirectly, to supplement their efforts to promote political reconciliation between Israel and the Palestinians with economic support to improve the socio-economic conditions in the West Bank and Gaza. U.S. efforts have been premised on the assumption that economic progress
۱ ژانویهٔ ۱۹۸۹
◆
  • Joyce Starr
In-Depth Reports
Another Oil Shock in the 1990s?
A Dissenting View
Executive Summary Contrary to the forecasts of many oil industry analysts, the current state of relatively low oil prices is likely to continue throughout the nest decade. As a result, there is little reason to fear the economic power of a resurgent oil cartel. The strongest force depressing oil prices
۱ ژانویهٔ ۱۹۸۷

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Patrick Clawson
پاتریک کلاوسون
عضو ارشد و مدیرتحقیقات انستیتو واشنگتن برای سیاست خاور نزدیک
Simon Henderson
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Henry Rome
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هنری رُم هموند ارشد انستیتو واشنگتن است. وی قبلا نایب رئیس بخش تحقیقات و مدیر گلوبال ماکرو، ایران، و اسرائیل در گروه اوراسیا بوده است.
Michael Singh
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