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Les Aspin Memorial Lecture:

Economic Security and the Middle East

On March 8, 1999, Undersecretary of State Stuart Eizenstat delivered The Washington Institute's Third Les Aspin Memorial Lecture honoring the late chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, secretary of defense, and member of the Institute's Board of Advisors. The following is a rapporteur's summary of the forum's question-and-answer session

۱۷ مارس ۱۹۹۹

Stuart Eizenstat

Les Aspin Memorial Lecture:

Economic Security and the Middle East (full transcript)

On March 8, 1999, Undersecretary of State Stuart Eizenstat delivered The Washington Institute's Third Les Aspin Memorial Lecture honoring the late chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, secretary of defense, and member of the Institute's Board of Advisors. Following is the full text of his remarks as prepared for

۸ مارس ۱۹۹۹

Stuart Eizenstat

In-Depth Reports

Dollars and Diplomacy?

The Impact of U.S. Economic Initiatives on the Arab-Israeli Peace Process

The United States devotes considerable effort -- more than $5 billion a year in aid, as well as many hours urging senior Arab and European officials to attend high-level meetings -- to promoting the twin goals of economic prosperity and economic cooperation among states and peoples in the Levant. U.S

۱ مارس ۱۹۹۹

Patrick Clawson

Saudi Arabia's Emerging Energy Policy:

The Role for U.S. Firms

Spurred by comments made by Crown Prince Abdullah during his October visit to the United States, U.S. oil firms have high hopes that they may be able to become more active in Saudi Arabia. Last week, Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson visited the kingdom to discuss the issue, with mixed

۱۸ فوریهٔ ۱۹۹۹

The 1999 Saudi Budget:

Reform in the Face of Acute Problems

The decline in world oil prices has hit Saudi Arabia hard. The benchmark Saudi crude, Arabian light, fell from $17 per barrel in 1997 to little more than $11 in 1998. Gross domestic product (GDP) declined in 1998 to about $125 billion. That translates into a per capita income of

۵ ژانویهٔ ۱۹۹۹

Patrick Clawson

Israel, West Bank/Gaza, Jordan, and Kuwait:

A Middle East Trip Report

ROBERT SATLOFF The Peace Process: President Clinton's visit is generating Palestinian euphoria and Israeli ambivalence. The huge strategic gain for the Palestinians -- de facto U.S. recognition of the legitimacy of their aspirations to statehood -- is the product of a studied campaign by PA Chairman Yasir Arafat to do

۱۷ دسامبر ۱۹۹۸

Robert Satloff

U.S. Economic Initiatives and the Peace Process

On November 3, 1998, Patrick Clawson, director for research at The Washington Institute, and Zoe Danon Gedal, a Soref research fellow at the Institute, addressed the Institute's Special Policy Forum on the topic of their forthcoming bookÂ Dollars and Diplomacy: The Impact of U.S. Economic Initiatives on Arab-Israeli Negotiations. The

۱۴ دسامبر ۱۹۹۸

Patrick Clawson

Azerbaijan's Strategic Outlook

Read a summary of remarks given by the son of Azerbaijan's then-president at a 1998 Institute Policy Forum. The speaker, Ilham Aliyev, would succeed his father as president of Azerbaijan in 2003.

۲۴ نوامبر ۱۹۹۸

Ilham Aliyev

How Vital Is It to U.S. Energy Security?

The issue of Caspian Sea oil is often entangled with many political considerations. In determining the actual importance of Caspian Sea oil, however, one needs to determine how much oil there is, how to extract the oil, and finally, how to get it to market. The answers to these question

۲۸ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸

Articles & Testimony

Hard Times in the Persian Gulf

Renowned for their secrecy and bland public pronouncements, Saudi Arabia's leaders almost never make news. But, when the kingdom's number-two man, Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, visited Washington last month, he dropped a bombshell. Meeting with executives from seven major U.S. oil companies, Abdullah shocked them by asking for

۲۶ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸

Patrick Clawson

Arab State Support to the Palestinian Authority:

Unfulfilled Expectations

Yasir Arafat received a standing ovation from the United Nations General Assembly last week when he reiterated Palestine's claim to statehood and eventual full UN membership. He had hoped to receive even more substantive backing when he asked the member-states of the Arab League to lend tangible support to the

۶ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸

Barry Rubin

In-Depth Reports

Iran Under Khatami:

A Political, Economic, and Military Assessment

Introduction Muhammad Khatami's surprise victory in the May 23, 1997, Iranian presidential election generated much enthusiasm at home and much interest abroad. For Iranians, the massive popular mandate -- Khatami received 70 percent of the vote with a nearly 90 percent turnout -- showed their disillusionment with the ruling establishment

۱ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸

Patrick Clawson
Michael Eisenstadt

Low Oil Prices:

Implications for the Gulf Monarchies

The oil price downturn began in late 1996, but the very sharp fall started in mid-1997 and has persisted to the present. The average price of oil in 1997 was approximately $1.50 less per barrel than in 1996, and the average for 1998 may be as much as $3.00 to

۲۴ ژوئیهٔ ۱۹۹۸

U.S. Economic Aid to Egypt:

Designing a New, Pro-Growth Package

This is the first in a two-part series on the topic "U.S. Aid to Egypt: Building a Partnership for the 21st Century." Read Part II. For the first time in nearly twenty years, the United States will soon revamp foreign aid to Israel and Egypt. Given the centrality of these

۷ ژوئیهٔ ۱۹۹۸

Robert Satloff
Patrick Clawson

EU vs. Israel on Trade:

Peace Process Posturing or Commercial Dispute?

The Council of Ministers from European Union (EU) governments is due to meet June 29 to discuss the recommendations of the EU Commission -- the Brussels bureaucracy -- to impose restrictions on trade with Israel. At stake is more than an arcane trade dispute. Because of this matter, Manuel Marin

۲۳ ژوئن ۱۹۹۸

Patrick Clawson

Articles & Testimony

U.S. Sanctions on Iran:

What Has Been Achieved and at What Cost?

Testimony before the House Committee on International Relations The U.S. sanctions on Iran have imposed costs on the U.S. economy, but those have been small compared to the benefits. When the sanctions were adopted, the weight of expert opinion was that they would have little effect on Iran. The Financial

۳ ژوئن ۱۹۹۸

Patrick Clawson

Forgotten Issues:

The Gaza Airport and Qarni Industrial Estate

With headlines both here and in the Middle East focused on the U.S.-Israel confrontation over "further redeployments," little attention has been paid in recent weeks to the lost opportunity to close the file on two items left from Oslo's interim agenda: the Gaza Airport and the Gaza Industrial Estate at

۲۱ مهٔ ۱۹۹۸

Articles & Testimony

Israel-Jordan Joint Venture Appears to Enhance Ties

The United States played an important supporting role in the quiet drama of re-building Jordan-Israel ties by holding an official signing ceremony two weeks ago to recognize the Al Hassan Industrial Zone in Irbid, Jordan as a "Qualifying Industrial Zone" (QIZ). The QIZ agreement, first signed at the Doha conference

۸ مهٔ ۱۹۹۸

Egypt's Economic Reform:

Is It for Real?

Throughout its reform program, Egypt has established a pattern of reform that avoids the problems of the Southeast Asian economies in three key ways: First, Egypt has not run a large deficit in the balance of payments current account. Egypt's current account deficit is of the order of a couple

۲۲ آوریل ۱۹۹۸

Would U.S. Membership Help the Peace Process?

What Is MENABANK? The idea for a regional development bank in the Middle East has been around for years. However, practical work for creation of a bank only began when the four core peace process parties—Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, and Egypt—jointly proposed the creation of the Bank in 1995

۲۰ مارس ۱۹۹۸

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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