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Lebanon

Policy Analysis on Lebanon

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Articles & Testimony
Hezbollah’s Deadly Rockets Aren’t the Most Serious Threat to Israel’s Northern Border
The 30,000-strong militia has ground forces massed along the frontier, preventing evacuated Israelis from returning home and increasing the risk of a war that both sides would rather postpone for now.
Aug 6, 2024
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  • Matthew Levitt
Brief Analysis
Hezbollah’s Retaliation Options and the U.S. Diplomatic Role
Regardless of how the group responds to Israel’s latest leadership strike, its desperation to stop the bleeding will create big diplomatic opportunities for the United States and its partners—if done right.
Aug 1, 2024
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
A poster depicts former Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh alongside the Iranian flag in Tehran following Haniyeh's killing in Iran - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Will Two Attacks Kill the Gaza Talks and Iran-Hezbollah Deterrence?
Four Washington Institute experts assess Israel’s calculus behind launching such high-profile attacks at this juncture, the likely effects on the Gaza hostage talks, Iran’s possible need for a face-saving military response, and more.
Aug 1, 2024
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  • Dennis Ross
  • David Makovsky
  • Neomi Neumann
  • Farzin Nadimi
Fuad Shukr - source: Twitter/X
Brief Analysis
The Death of a Hezbollah Lifer
For more than four decades, the late terrorist and military commander Fuad Shukr was at the forefront of the group’s most destabilizing activities, from killing American, European, and Israeli soldiers to procuring advanced weapons from Iran.
Jul 31, 2024
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  • Matthew Levitt
Articles & Testimony
Europe Can Still Make a Difference in the Middle East
The challenge is to find a common line that accounts for different national positions on regional issues while still promoting a coherent foreign policy.
Jul 2, 2024
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  • Ehud Yaari
Israeli flag, Hezbollah flag, implied Lebanon border
Video
Brief Analysis
Hezbollah-Israel Escalation: Prospects for War
A former Israeli military planner joins three experts to discuss each side’s current calculus and the U.S. policy implications if they opt for war or a truce.
Jul 2, 2024
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  • Matthew Levitt
  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • David Schenker
  • Assaf Orion
The Mari-B and Tamar gas platforms in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel - source: The Washington Institute
Brief Analysis
Israel Plans to Hike Gas Output Despite Hezbollah Threats
The deal could eventually boost supplies to Egypt, though Hezbollah’s robust missile arsenal and public threats against East Mediterranean energy targets may dampen broader regional investment in the sector.
Jul 1, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
Photo showing flame and smoke rising over Lebanon's border with Israel.
Articles & Testimony
Behind the US Plan to Prevent an All-Out Israel-Hezbollah War
An American-led diplomatic initiative to separate their forces at the border appears to be falling short, and time is running out.
Jun 25, 2024
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  • David Schenker
A protester's shadow falls across the flag of the Republic of Cyprus - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Hezbollah Threatens Cyprus: Capabilities, Intentions, and Potential Consequences
If Hezbollah’s conflict with Israel widens, the group could use its large missile and drone arsenal to attack Cyprus, the allied military presence based there, and a wide array of shipping and energy assets in the East Mediterranean.
Jun 21, 2024
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Farzin Nadimi
  • David Schenker
A man rides a scooter by a Hamas poster in a Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon, May 18, 2024.
Brief Analysis
The Muslim Brothers Give Hamas a Foothold in Lebanon
Most Lebanese Sunnis have resisted the MB’s mobilization so far, but this sentiment could shift quickly due to pressures from the Gaza war, the economic crisis, the local political vacuum, and the inroads being made by Hamas and Hezbollah.
Jun 18, 2024
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Thumbnail image of Google Map depicting Israeli and Hezbollah strikes across the Israel-Lebanon border since October 7, 2023
Maps & Graphics
Articles & Testimony
Mapping Clashes Along the Israel-Lebanon Border
A regularly updated visual tracker of northern border attacks by Hezbollah, the IDF, and Palestinian groups during the Hamas-Israel war.
Jun 4, 2024
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Ana Estrada Hamm
  • Miller Greene
  • Audrey Kost
  • Elizabeth Surman
Nasrallah Ashura speech
Brief Analysis
How Israel’s Rafah Campaign Might Shape Hezbollah’s Operations
The U.S.-Israel rift over how to handle southern Gaza could embolden the Lebanese group to further accelerate its already heightened tempo of operations, though drawing clear deterrent lines could help limit the escalation.
May 16, 2024
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
UNIFIL peacekeepers in Lebanon in front of a poster depicting Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
An Israel-Lebanon Agreement May Not Be Worth the Costs
The lesson from past deals involving Hezbollah is clear: the group will try to pocket any U.S. concessions on the presidency and other issues while simply jettisoning whatever border commitments it may make in return.
May 14, 2024
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  • David Schenker
Bourj Hammoud neighborhood, Beirut
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Protecting Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
Given the breakdown of the Lebanese state, Arab countries' normalization with Assad, and the fragmentation of the Syrian opposition, it seems that the United States can step in to play a pivotal role in protecting Syrian refugees facing persecution.
May 8, 2024
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  • Ammar Musarea
U.S. President Joe Biden greets French President Emmanuel Macron at the White House in December, 2022 - source: White House
Brief Analysis
U.S.-French Cooperation on Preventing an Israel-Hezbollah War
Washington and Paris have been pursuing convergent efforts to avoid all-out war, but more coordination is advisable and seems increasingly likely after the latest escalation.
Apr 26, 2024
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  • Selin Uysal
Articles & Testimony
Will Israel Temper Its War on Iran’s Regional Proxies?
Israeli strikes on Hezbollah and other militias in Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq have yielded visible benefits at times, but future operations may elicit a direct Iranian response.
Apr 24, 2024
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  • David Schenker
A photo illustration depicts Israeli and Palestinian flags - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Changing the Israel-Lebanon Status Quo: U.S. Options
From exploring land border talks to boosting Israel’s arsenal and recasting UNIFIL, Washington should do more to slow what may be an inevitable slide toward war on this front.
Apr 1, 2024
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  • David Schenker
Energean's floating production unit, FPSO, is seen offshore Israel in the eastern Mediterranean in June 2022 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Israeli Gas Field Near Lebanon Starts Production
The floating storage vessel anchored above the offshore field could be a tempting target for Hezbollah.
Mar 4, 2024
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  • Simon Henderson
ROUMIEH prison
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
A Pathway to Addiction: Tracing Drug-Trafficking Networks in Lebanon’s Roumieh Prison
Roumieh’s drug networks have been an ongoing and pervasive challenge for Lebanon.
Feb 26, 2024
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  • Fatima al-Othman
Israeli flag, Hezbollah flag, implied Lebanon border
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Reinforcing U.S. Diplomacy to Stop a Hezbollah-Israel War
Only a comprehensive initiative aimed at curbing Hezbollah’s influence both within Lebanon and in the region stands a chance of delivering peace for the long term.
Feb 8, 2024
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  • Hanin Ghaddar

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Matthew Levitt
Matthew Levitt
Matthew Levitt is the Fromer-Wexler Senior Fellow and director of the Reinhard Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at The Washington Institute.
Hanin Ghaddar
Hanin Ghaddar
Hanin Ghaddar is the Friedmann Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute's Rubin Family Arab Politics Program, where she focuses on Shia politics throughout the Levant.
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