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Iraq

Policy Analysis on Iraq

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An Iraqi member of a Shia PMF militia
Articles & Testimony
Iraq’s New Regime Change: How Tehran-Backed Terrorist Organizations and Militias Captured the Iraqi State
A comprehensive study of the various institutional, financial, and military levers that have enabled Iran’s “resistance” camp to take over another country even under the international community’s watchful eye.
Dec 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Crispin Smith
Iraqi politicians Muqtada al-Sadr, Mohammed al-Halbousi, Bafel Talabani, and Masrour Barzani.
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Family Rule in Iraq and the Challenge to State and Democracy
A handful of personalities have consumed all the country’s political oxygen, dashing hopes for a truly pluralistic ecosystem and requiring creative engagement from U.S. officials.
Dec 19, 2023
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  • Sardar Aziz
  • Bilal Wahab
Iraqi citizens at the ballot box
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Iraqi Political System’s Legitimacy Problem: Low Expected Turnout for Provincial Elections
Predicted low voter turnout for Iraq’s first provincial elections in a decade signals the lack of popular trust in Iraq for the country’s political system.
Dec 13, 2023
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  • Hiwa Abdullah Hussein
Streets of Baghdad
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Case of Iraq Underscores the Need for an International Anti-Corruption Court
Given the inability—or unwillingness—of Iraqi institutions to adequately combat corruption, the need for an international entity to step in becomes evident. That is why supporting the global campaign for the creation of an International Anti-Corruption Court (IACC) is necessary in order to hold kleptocrats accountable when national court fails to do so.
Dec 12, 2023
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  • Aram Mahmood
HaN killed fighters covered with their flag in the coffin, Nov 2023
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Overlap Between the Islamic Resistance in Iraq and the Popular Mobilization Forces
The "Islamic Resistance" brand mourned the loss of government-paid PMF personnel who were killed while preparing a terrorist attack on international advisors.
Dec 12, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
◆ Militia Spotlight
Government in Kirkuk, Iraq
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Iraq’s Disputed Territories and the Potential Impact of the Upcoming Provincial Elections
These elections will directly affect the future of the disputed territories, and political parties must be careful to avoid deepening sectarian divides, both in this case and in future elections.
Dec 12, 2023
◆
  • Hiwa Abdullah Hussein
New oil tanker, Sumer, seen docked at Khor Al-Zubair Port in southern Iraq on Sept. 28, 2023 - Source: Iraqi Ministry of Oil
Articles & Testimony
Why Iraq’s Oil Tanker Ambitions Have Not Made It to Deep Waters
Efforts to expand the tanker fleet are welcome, but officials must also hire the right staff, untangle the regulatory environment, conduct major restructuring, and clarify questions about existing joint ventures.
Dec 6, 2023
◆
  • Noam Raydan
Iraq's Federal Supreme Court building
Brief Analysis
Making Sense of Iraq’s Politicized Supreme Court Rulings
From removing the speaker of parliament to overturning election results, the court has repeatedly overstepped its role to a degree that warrants more international pressure.
Dec 4, 2023
◆
  • Selin Uysal
Funeral for KH operator, November 23, 2023
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Kataib Hezbollah Publicly Mocks Asaib Ahl al-Haq for Cowardice
After AAH officials sought a halt to the verbal attacks, KH doubled down with a cutting public insult.
Nov 30, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Sept 26 2023 Qaraqosh fire victims
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Rayan al-Kildani Faces Election Backlash in the Months After Wedding Hall Fire
Popular anger against this self-claimed "Christian leader" has grown since the tragic September fire in the Nineveh Plains region, casting a shadow over his election hopes.
Nov 29, 2023
◆
  • Yaqoub Beth-Addai
◆ Militia Spotlight
Haider al-Gharrawi
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Profile: Ansar Allah al-Awfiya (19th PMF Brigade)
One of the top Iraqi proxies for Iran's IRGC-Qods Force, this Sadrist breakaway faction has long garrisoned the Syrian border and killed Iraqi protesters to demonstrate its loyalty.
Nov 27, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
  • Hamdi Malik
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles
Qais al-Khazali
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Militia Hair-Pulling Over Who Are "The Truest Muqawama"
Amid their ceasefire in solidarity with events in Gaza, Iraqi "resistance" leaders went back to their old habits of diminishing each other and spilling their secrets, with interesting results.
Nov 26, 2023
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
U.S. soldiers at an Iraqi base after a rocket attack by Iran-backed militias
Brief Analysis
Will an Iraqi Front Open in the Hamas-Israel War?
The risky tit-for-tat strikes between U.S. and militia forces are one symptom of a wider competition between rival actors in Iraq—one that American and European officials should work together on containing.
Nov 21, 2023
◆
  • Bilal Wahab
  • Selin Uysal
Photo of an October 2023 Iraqi demonstration with footprints covering the Israeli and American flags.
Articles & Testimony
Iraq’s Delicate Balancing Act With Iran and the U.S.
Despite reassuring U.S. officials during recent meetings, it is unclear whether Prime Minister Sudani can indefinitely placate an angry public or prevent Tehran’s militia proxies from further escalating the situation.
Nov 19, 2023
◆
  • Bilal Wahab
Photo of a blast wall with a drone mural at al-Asad Air Base in Iraq.
Video
Brief Analysis
Iranian Escalation in Iraq and Syria: Implications and U.S. Options
Four experts discuss what Washington can do about the latest spike in militia attacks against U.S. bases and local partners—even as they try to sustain the counterterrorism mission against the Islamic State.
Nov 17, 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
  • Wladimir van Wilgenburg
  • Devorah Margolin
  • Andrew J. Tabler
Photo showing flame and smoke rising over Lebanon's border with Israel.
Articles & Testimony
Gaza War Shows Heightened Risk of Escalation in the Region
Although Washington and its partners have kept the war from spreading so far, the lack of clear rules on some fronts—particularly Syria—has created a dangerous environment in which any actor might inadvertently cross someone’s red lines.
Nov 17, 2023
◆
  • Andrew J. Tabler
Abu Alaa al-Walai and Esmail Qaani
Maps & Graphics
Articles & Testimony
OFAC Designates Iraqi Militiamen (Part 2): KSS and Abu Ala al-Walai
Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada's designation for terrorist activities is long overdue, reflecting its important ongoing role in attacks on U.S. forces in northern Iraq and eastern Syria.
Nov 17, 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
KH facilities in Syria under attack December 2019
Maps & Graphics
Articles & Testimony
OFAC Designates Iraqi Militiamen (Part 1): Kataib Hezbollah Commanders
Washington has signaled that its patience is wearing thin with the group's pivotal role in two dozen attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq and Syria in a month.
Nov 17, 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Member of the Ramadi Widows Outreach Assistance Program distributes food packages in Anbar Province
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Iraqi Civil Society and the Funding Crisis
Financial support for NGOs is a lifeline for their survival and sustainability. For its part, the Iraqi government should realize that a strong civil society benefits the government, as NGOs can be a vital contribution to governance efforts and societal support.
Nov 16, 2023
◆
  • Abdulsalam Medeni
Liwa Abu Fadhal al-Abbas social media flag
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Profile: Liwa Abu Fadl al-Abbas
One of the most well-established Iraqi volunteer militias to fight for Iran and the Assad regime, both in the Syrian civil war and during various anti-U.S. actions.
Nov 16, 2023
◆
  • Abdullah Hayek
◆ Militia Spotlight: Profiles

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Senior Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.
Michael Knights
Michael Knights
Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and cofounder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to Iran-backed militias.
Bilal Wahab
Bilal Wahab
Bilal Wahab was the Nathan and Esther K. Wagner Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
Elizabeth Dent - source: The Washington Institute
Elizabeth Dent
Elizabeth Dent is a Senior Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where she focuses on U.S. foreign and defense policy toward the Gulf states, Iraq, and Syria.
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