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Iraq

Policy Analysis on Iraq

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Al-Aqrab
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Can Iraq's Militias Imitate Houthi Successes at Sea?
The senior terrorist figure Abu Ala al-Walai is seemingly answering Iran's call for a maritime blockade on Israel, but is this a real threat or just a desperate effort to claim strategic influence before the Gaza war ends?
Jan 24, 2024
◆
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
A Muhandis and Soleimani site in Baghdad
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Badr and Asaib Crack the Whip on Kataib al-Imam Ali in Basra
The group stepped on Badr's toes during a recent commemoration ceremony, giving a window into the local balance of power between Iran-backed militias.
Jan 11, 2024
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Photo of a blast wall with a drone mural at al-Asad Air Base in Iraq.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Kataib Hezbollah Reveals Plans for Expanded Regional Attacks
The militia's Abu Hussein wing continues to throw shade at other "resistance" groups and is now threatening U.S. bases in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and even Saudi Arabia.
Jan 11, 2024
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Kurdish Parliament, Erbil
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Renewing the KRG’s Opposition Parties for 2024 Parliamentary Elections
As the February 2024 elections approach, the quest for a new political era in Iraqi Kurdistan is encountering formidable challenges.
Jan 8, 2024
◆
  • Renwar Najm
Photo showing flame and smoke rising over Lebanon's border with Israel.
Articles & Testimony
The World Prepares for Gaza War Escalation
The players have climbed another rung on the escalatory ladder in Iraq, Lebanon, and the Red Sea, exacerbating worries about a wider regional conflict and more serious economic effects.
Jan 7, 2024
◆
  • David Schenker
Quds-2 cruise missile in Babil, Jan 3. 2024
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Iranian-Made Quds-2 Cruise Missile Photographed in Iraq
Recently used in Houthi attacks from Yemen, this missile family could give Iraqi militias the capacity to target sites in Israel if they choose to escalate their campaign of solidarity with Hamas.
Jan 5, 2024
◆
  • Alex Almeida
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
AGM-179 Baghdad Jan 4, 2024 final2
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Who Are Nujaba and Why Did the U.S. Just Strike Them?
The group's cadres are the most reckless of Iran's terrorist proxies in Iraq and have been the proximate cause of almost all recent U.S. strikes.
Jan 4, 2024
◆
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
March 14, 2023 protest by Christian locals over the Babiliyoun militia seizure of seven NPU soldiers
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Babiliyoun Movement Hijacks All Four Christian Minority Seats
A group led by U.S.-sanctioned figure Rayan al-Kildani escaped accountability from Iraqi Christian communities by abusing the courts and buying non-Christian votes.
Jan 2, 2024
◆
  • Yaqoub Beth-Addai
◆ Militia Spotlight
Election workers in Iraq
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
2023 Iraqi Provincial Elections: Analyzing Mosul's Political Landscape
Political results are clearly divided along identity politics, yet intra-communal political rifts are also evident. Despite their growing influence in the area, Shia parties—like other political groups—will need to forge alliances with other factions in order to effectively exert influence and manage the city.
Dec 28, 2023
◆
  • Sercan Çalışkan
Articles & Testimony
After 'Green Talk' at COP28, Where Should Iraq Begin?
OPEC’s second-biggest oil producer must demonstrate how it will balance its goals of reducing emissions, increasing crude production, and continuing the use of high-sulfur liquid fuels in the power sector.
Dec 27, 2023
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Harry Istepanian
An Iraqi member of a Shia PMF militia
Articles & Testimony
Iraq’s New Regime Change: How Tehran-Backed Terrorist Organizations and Militias Captured the Iraqi State
A comprehensive study of the various institutional, financial, and military levers that have enabled Iran’s “resistance” camp to take over another country even under the international community’s watchful eye.
Dec 2023
◆
  • Michael Knights
  • Hamdi Malik
  • Crispin Smith
Iraqi politicians Muqtada al-Sadr, Mohammed al-Halbousi, Bafel Talabani, and Masrour Barzani.
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Family Rule in Iraq and the Challenge to State and Democracy
A handful of personalities have consumed all the country’s political oxygen, dashing hopes for a truly pluralistic ecosystem and requiring creative engagement from U.S. officials.
Dec 19, 2023
◆
  • Sardar Aziz
  • Bilal Wahab
Iraqi citizens at the ballot box
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Iraqi Political System’s Legitimacy Problem: Low Expected Turnout for Provincial Elections
Predicted low voter turnout for Iraq’s first provincial elections in a decade signals the lack of popular trust in Iraq for the country’s political system.
Dec 13, 2023
◆
  • Hiwa Abdullah Hussein
Streets of Baghdad
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Case of Iraq Underscores the Need for an International Anti-Corruption Court
Given the inability—or unwillingness—of Iraqi institutions to adequately combat corruption, the need for an international entity to step in becomes evident. That is why supporting the global campaign for the creation of an International Anti-Corruption Court (IACC) is necessary in order to hold kleptocrats accountable when national court fails to do so.
Dec 12, 2023
◆
  • Aram Mahmood
HaN killed fighters covered with their flag in the coffin, Nov 2023
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Overlap Between the Islamic Resistance in Iraq and the Popular Mobilization Forces
The "Islamic Resistance" brand mourned the loss of government-paid PMF personnel who were killed while preparing a terrorist attack on international advisors.
Dec 12, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
◆ Militia Spotlight
Government in Kirkuk, Iraq
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Iraq’s Disputed Territories and the Potential Impact of the Upcoming Provincial Elections
These elections will directly affect the future of the disputed territories, and political parties must be careful to avoid deepening sectarian divides, both in this case and in future elections.
Dec 12, 2023
◆
  • Hiwa Abdullah Hussein
New oil tanker, Sumer, seen docked at Khor Al-Zubair Port in southern Iraq on Sept. 28, 2023 - Source: Iraqi Ministry of Oil
Articles & Testimony
Why Iraq’s Oil Tanker Ambitions Have Not Made It to Deep Waters
Efforts to expand the tanker fleet are welcome, but officials must also hire the right staff, untangle the regulatory environment, conduct major restructuring, and clarify questions about existing joint ventures.
Dec 6, 2023
◆
  • Noam Raydan
Iraq's Federal Supreme Court building
Brief Analysis
Making Sense of Iraq’s Politicized Supreme Court Rulings
From removing the speaker of parliament to overturning election results, the court has repeatedly overstepped its role to a degree that warrants more international pressure.
Dec 4, 2023
◆
  • Selin Uysal
Funeral for KH operator, November 23, 2023
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Kataib Hezbollah Publicly Mocks Asaib Ahl al-Haq for Cowardice
After AAH officials sought a halt to the verbal attacks, KH doubled down with a cutting public insult.
Nov 30, 2023
◆
  • Ameer al-Kaabi
  • Michael Knights
◆ Militia Spotlight
Sept 26 2023 Qaraqosh fire victims
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Rayan al-Kildani Faces Election Backlash in the Months After Wedding Hall Fire
Popular anger against this self-claimed "Christian leader" has grown since the tragic September fire in the Nineveh Plains region, casting a shadow over his election hopes.
Nov 29, 2023
◆
  • Yaqoub Beth-Addai
◆ Militia Spotlight

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt
Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Senior Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.
Michael Knights
Michael Knights
Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and cofounder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to Iran-backed militias.
Bilal Wahab
Bilal Wahab
Bilal Wahab was the Nathan and Esther K. Wagner Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
Elizabeth Dent - source: The Washington Institute
Elizabeth Dent
Elizabeth Dent is a Senior Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where she focuses on U.S. foreign and defense policy toward the Gulf states, Iraq, and Syria.
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