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انرژی و اقتصاد
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عرب و اسلام سیاسی

Policy Analysis on عرب و اسلام سیاسی

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Constitutional Clash Rocks Regime

Last week, a seemingly arcane argument produced a political crisis in Turkey that set back, at least temporarily, the government's longstanding anti-Islamist campaign. What began as a dispute over constitutional interpretation of presidential powers embittered relations between the nation's two top officials-President Ahmet Necdet Sezer and Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit-to

۲۸ اوت ۲۰۰۰

Alan Makovsky

Hizballah and the Upcoming Lebanese Elections:

Shifting Priorities

Hizballah is shifting its focus from armed resistance to internal matters in anticipation of the upcoming parliamentary elections. Hizballah hopes to translate its "victory" over the IDF and South Lebanon Army into a greater share of domestic political power. Hizballah Secretary-General Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah acknowledges the shift in priorities, stating

۱۸ اوت ۲۰۰۰

In-Depth Reports

Arab Attitudes toward Israel and Peace

Previous public opinion polls conducted in the Arab East, especially in the Levant, have revealed that "inching toward peace" with Israel has not produced definitive changes in Arab perceptions. Instead, the peace process seems to have given rise to a kind of resignation born of a pervasive sense of helplessness

۱ اوت ۲۰۰۰

Hilal Khashan

Presidential Study Group Trip Report:

Camp David through Middle Eastern Eyes

With a couple of minor exceptions, there was scant criticism of U.S. policy by Arab leaders. Contrary to expectation, officials from Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the Palestinian Authority volunteered very few complaints. Israel's discontent with the relationship, on the other hand, was manifest and unmistakable. Israeli representatives from both ends

۱ اوت ۲۰۰۰

Robert Satloff

The West's Next Test:

The Verdict of the Thirteen Jews

On July 1, Satiq Nurani, judge and prosecutor for thirteen Iranian Jews accused of espionage, reportedly will announce his verdict. The case, troubling for both procedural reasons and the dubious nature of the charges, has for more than a year been an obstacle in Iran’s relations with the West. The

۳۰ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

Domestic Politics and State Interests in Syria and Israel

Syria’s old power structure is giving way, and new faces are emerging. Bashar al-Asad is well on his way to becoming president. A new generation has also begun to take positions of power in the Ba‘th party hierarchy, the military, the cabinet, and the security organs. Although the old guard

۲۹ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

David Makovsky

Who Rules Syria?

Bashar al-Asad and the Alawi 'Barons'

The orderly transfer of power following the death of President Hafiz al-Asad, in accordance with Syria’s constitutional succession mechanism, has highlighted the role of the formal power structures of the Syrian state: the presidency, cabinet, National Assembly, and, above all, the Ba’th party. It has, however, obscured the crucial role

۲۱ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

Michael Eisenstadt

Articles & Testimony

Tea (and Prejudice) with the Taliban

Afghanistan rolls out the carpet for a Jewish visitor, but it is importing a virulent strain of anti-Semitism along with radical Islam. I drank tea with Habibullah Fouzi, first secretary at the Afghan Embassy in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, one of only three countries that recognize the fanatic Islamic

۱۹ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

A New Asad—A New Syria?

Hafiz al-Asad was a cautious and calculating leader, but he had not completed the steps to guarantee a smooth succession to his son Bashar by the time of his death. Nevertheless, Bashar al-Asad will probably become Syria’s next president. There are no significant or immediate threats to his accession. Some

۱۶ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

Robert Satloff

Can Bashar al-Asad Hold On in Syria?

Syrian president Hafiz al-Asad had a knack for bad timing. He delayed for years making his son Bashar his formal successor, wanting to get everything just right--and then he died a week before everything was to fall into place to make Bashar the anointed one. It seems very likely Bashar

۱۲ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

Saudi Family Council Suggests Transition Is Imminent

The surprise announcement on June 4 of the establishment and first meeting of a Saudi royal family council indicates that the kingdom is preparing itself for a shift in full authority from the ailing King Fahd to his deputy, Crown Prince Abdullah. The change should bring to an end the

۹ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

Simon Henderson

King Abdullah and the Future of Jordan's Economic Orientation

Tonight, Jordan's King Abdullah arrives in Washington for a two-day visit that will include discussions with President Bill Clinton and appointments with chief executive officers of top U.S. technology firms. In a departure from the usual emphasis with the peace process, this visit will focus on Jordanian domestic issues, specifically

۵ ژوئن ۲۰۰۰

David Schenker

Palestinian Democracy and the Peace Process:

One Year after May 4, 1999

As Palestinian and Israeli negotiators settle into a negotiating routine in Eilat this week, the peace process quietly marks an anniversary of sorts--one year ago the Oslo-Wye diplomacy faced the threat of a unilateral Palestinian declaration of independence. That step was temporarily averted when Palestinian Authority (PA) ra'is Arafat postponed

۳ مهٔ ۲۰۰۰

David Schenker

In-Depth Reports

Case Study of a Pivotal State

The stability of the Hashemite Kingdom has consistently confounded observers. Jordan’s imminent demise has been predicted time and again, only to be defied by the seemingly extraordinary capacity to endure and remain one of the most stable states in the region. If the death of King Hussein gave rise to

۱ مهٔ ۲۰۰۰

The Ebb and Flow of Reform in Iran

As the May 5 second-round Majlis (parliament) election approaches, questions remain as to whether the Islamic Republic's hardliners can be marginalized through the ballot box, whether reformists' voices can be muzzled, and whether change in Iran can both be rapid and nonviolent. In February, the reformist triumph in the first

۱ مهٔ ۲۰۰۰

Articles & Testimony

Pragmatic Theocracy:

A Contradiction in Terms?

For two decades now, the Islamic Republic of Iran has confounded the American foreign policy community, whose members have oscillated wildly between urgent appeals to normalize relations with Tehran and equally determined bids to contain its influence. In the latest swing of the pendelum, a chorus of voices--including those of

۱ مهٔ ۲۰۰۰

Ray Takeyh

Iran's Hardliners Fight Back

Iran's hardliners, who suffered a resounding drubbing in February's first-round Majlis (parliament) elections, have been resurgent in defeat and now appear to have the momentum in their ongoing power struggle with reformist politicians and institutions. In their latest move, Iran's hardline-dominated judiciary ordered the immediate closure of twelve reformist newspapers

۲۴ آوریل ۲۰۰۰

Who Made the Middle East the Way It Is Today?

Local actors, not the Western imperialist powers, were the dominant players in the development of the modern Middle East. The clash between nationalism and imperialism drove events that shaped the region, and the local actors could be found on both sides of that clash: they were as eager imperialists as

۱۹ آوریل ۲۰۰۰

Khatami's Next Test:

The Trial of Thirteen Jews

On April 13, thirteen Iranian Jews are scheduled to come to trial in Shiraz to face espionage charges that carry the death penalty. The trial, more than a year after the thirteen were originally detained, comes at a critical time for Iran--less than two months after Iranian president Muhammad Khatami's

۱۱ آوریل ۲۰۰۰

Qadhafi's New Political Order

On March 1, Libyan leader Col. Muammar Qadhafi announced the most sweeping changes in Libya's political structure since the launching of the Jamahiriyya (state of masses) in 1977. In a surprising move, the colonel dismissed his prime minister and foreign minister while abolishing twelve other ministries altogether. Qadhafi insisted that

۹ مارس ۲۰۰۰

Ray Takeyh

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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David Schenker

دیوید شنکر

David Schenker is a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs.

Ghaith al-Omari

غیث العمری

*غیث العمری، هموند ارشد انستیتو واشنگتن و یکی از نویسندگان کتاب «خنثی سازی بشکه باروت غزه» است.

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حنین غدار هموند فریدمن در برنامه گدولد در انستیتو واشنگتن است که بر سیاست‌ کشورهای عربی متمرکز است. در این برنامه، مطالعات او در حوزه سیاست‌های شیعیان در سرزمین شام است.

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