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خلیج و سیاست حوزه انرژی

Policy Analysis on خلیج و سیاست حوزه انرژی

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Brief Analysis
Caspian Oil:
How Vital Is It to U.S. Energy Security?
The issue of Caspian Sea oil is often entangled with many political considerations. In determining the actual importance of Caspian Sea oil, however, one needs to determine how much oil there is, how to extract the oil, and finally, how to get it to market. The answers to these question
۲۸ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸
Articles & Testimony
Cheap Sheikh:
Hard Times in the Persian Gulf
Renowned for their secrecy and bland public pronouncements, Saudi Arabia's leaders almost never make news. But, when the kingdom's number-two man, Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, visited Washington last month, he dropped a bombshell. Meeting with executives from seven major U.S. oil companies, Abdullah shocked them by asking for
۲۶ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Arab State Support to the Palestinian Authority:
Unfulfilled Expectations
Yasir Arafat received a standing ovation from the United Nations General Assembly last week when he reiterated Palestine's claim to statehood and eventual full UN membership. He had hoped to receive even more substantive backing when he asked the member-states of the Arab League to lend tangible support to the
۶ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Barry Rubin
In-Depth Reports
Iran Under Khatami:
A Political, Economic, and Military Assessment
Introduction Muhammad Khatami's surprise victory in the May 23, 1997, Iranian presidential election generated much enthusiasm at home and much interest abroad. For Iranians, the massive popular mandate -- Khatami received 70 percent of the vote with a nearly 90 percent turnout -- showed their disillusionment with the ruling establishment
۱ اکتبر ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
  • Michael Eisenstadt
Brief Analysis
Crown Prince Abdullah's Visit to Washington:
An Opportunity to Coordinate U.S. and Saudi Policies
The visit to the United States from Wednesday September 23 (the Saudi national day) by Crown Prince Abdullah, the heir apparent of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is part of a rare world tour which has so far taken in Britain and France, and is scheduled to include later China
۲۱ سپتامبر ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
Low Oil Prices:
Implications for the Gulf Monarchies
The oil price downturn began in late 1996, but the very sharp fall started in mid-1997 and has persisted to the present. The average price of oil in 1997 was approximately $1.50 less per barrel than in 1996, and the average for 1998 may be as much as $3.00 to
۲۴ ژوئیهٔ ۱۹۹۸
Brief Analysis
U.S. Economic Aid to Egypt:
Designing a New, Pro-Growth Package
This is the first in a two-part series on the topic "U.S. Aid to Egypt: Building a Partnership for the 21st Century." Read Part II. For the first time in nearly twenty years, the United States will soon revamp foreign aid to Israel and Egypt. Given the centrality of these
۷ ژوئیهٔ ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Robert Satloff
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Khobar Towers' Lessons for Counterterrorism and Gulf Policy
Two years after the death of 19 Americans in the June 25, 1996 bombing of the Khobar Towers in Dhahran, it is appropriate to consider the quandaries for U.S. terrorism policy that the bombing exposed. The hope that U.S. investigators could identify the perpetrators of bombings overseas as readily as
۲۴ ژوئن ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
EU vs. Israel on Trade:
Peace Process Posturing or Commercial Dispute?
The Council of Ministers from European Union (EU) governments is due to meet June 29 to discuss the recommendations of the EU Commission -- the Brussels bureaucracy -- to impose restrictions on trade with Israel. At stake is more than an arcane trade dispute. Because of this matter, Manuel Marin
۲۳ ژوئن ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
Articles & Testimony
U.S. Sanctions on Iran:
What Has Been Achieved and at What Cost?
Testimony before the House Committee on International Relations The U.S. sanctions on Iran have imposed costs on the U.S. economy, but those have been small compared to the benefits. When the sanctions were adopted, the weight of expert opinion was that they would have little effect on Iran. The Financial
۳ ژوئن ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Forgotten Issues:
The Gaza Airport and Qarni Industrial Estate
With headlines both here and in the Middle East focused on the U.S.-Israel confrontation over "further redeployments," little attention has been paid in recent weeks to the lost opportunity to close the file on two items left from Oslo's interim agenda: the Gaza Airport and the Gaza Industrial Estate at
۲۱ مهٔ ۱۹۹۸
Articles & Testimony
Israel-Jordan Joint Venture Appears to Enhance Ties
The United States played an important supporting role in the quiet drama of re-building Jordan-Israel ties by holding an official signing ceremony two weeks ago to recognize the Al Hassan Industrial Zone in Irbid, Jordan as a "Qualifying Industrial Zone" (QIZ). The QIZ agreement, first signed at the Doha conference
۸ مهٔ ۱۹۹۸
Brief Analysis
Egypt's Economic Reform:
Is It for Real?
Throughout its reform program, Egypt has established a pattern of reform that avoids the problems of the Southeast Asian economies in three key ways: First, Egypt has not run a large deficit in the balance of payments current account. Egypt's current account deficit is of the order of a couple
۲۲ آوریل ۱۹۹۸
Brief Analysis
MENABANK:
Would U.S. Membership Help the Peace Process?
What Is MENABANK? The idea for a regional development bank in the Middle East has been around for years. However, practical work for creation of a bank only began when the four core peace process parties—Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, and Egypt—jointly proposed the creation of the Bank in 1995
۲۰ مارس ۱۹۹۸
Brief Analysis
Saudi Arabia on the Verge of a Transitional Period
King Fahd's recent illness, including hospitalization from March 9 through 11, are reminders of his frail health and aging years. Fahd, born in 1921, suffered a stroke in November 1995. Since then he has had difficulties in concentration for any stretch of time and in his short-term memory. It seems
۱۷ مارس ۱۹۹۸
Brief Analysis
Economics and the Renewal of Jordan-Israel Ties
When King Hussein meets with President Clinton this week, most media speculation will surround provocative comments he has made reportedly urging direct dialogue between the United States and Iraq. In the tradition of "good news is no news," little attention will be focused on one of the more upbeat developments
۱۶ مارس ۱۹۹۸
Brief Analysis
'Oil for Food' or the End of Sanctions?
While Kofi Annan's diplomacy has received headlines, another Security Council action last week-approval of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1153 on February 20-was subject to remarkably little scrutiny. This resolution, designed to expand the existing oil-for-food program with Iraq, was intended to blunt criticism from Arab and others as
۲۶ فوریهٔ ۱۹۹۸
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Business and Politics in Post-Erbakan Turkey
The mood in post-Erbakan Turkey is one of calm after a storm. For a comprehensive understanding of Turkey's problems, a critical, non-ideological assessment of the pro-Islamist Refah (Welfare) Party is needed. Despite its existence since 1969, Refah truly emerged as a political force only in 1995. Receiving some 21 percent
۲ دسامبر ۱۹۹۷
Articles & Testimony
Business Follows Stability
In the Middle East, money talks -- but not as loudly as politics. That's the lesson to be learned from the Middle East/North Africa economic summit, which concluded late last month in Doha, Qatar, under the shadow of the Iraq crisis. For Washington, the two events are connected, with the
۱ دسامبر ۱۹۹۷
Brief Analysis
Oil, Business, and the Future of Iraqi Sanctions
The most recent episode of the ongoing Iraq saga ended last week with at least one permanent member of the UN Security Council-Russia-committing itself to work for the end of UN sanctions, especially the oil export ban. Other Council members (e.g., France, China and Egypt) have also voiced strong support
۲۴ نوامبر ۱۹۹۷

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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