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العراق

Policy Analysis on العراق

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Brief Analysis
Jordan:
Between Israel and Iraq
Jordan's position as a bridge between the Levant and the Persian Gulf, coupled with her small size and lack of natural resources, have created its unique geopolitical role in the Middle East. Despite being surrounded by powerful neighbors, Jordan consistently exercises an independent approach to achieve its national interests. Perhaps
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Brief Analysis
Tightening the Rules on Iraqi Oil Sales
For the United States, supporting UN Security Council Resolution 986 is a gamble. Washington hopes that the "oil-for-food" deal will be a trap that will reduce pressure to lift the rest of Iraqi sanctions, thereby thwarting Saddam Hussein's strategy to win the end of sanctions by playing on international sympathy
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  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Saddam Husayn Conquers Irbil:
Causes and Implications
While U.S. officials were in London on Friday evening, resting between mediation sessions with representatives of both main Kurdish factions, Saddam Husayn ordered his panzers into Irbil. The few Kurdish and Iraqi National Congress defenders of Irbil were overwhelmed by the more than 40,000 members of the three Republican Guard
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Articles & Testimony
Target Iraq's Republican Guard
America's inability to devise an effective response to Saddam Husayn's recent reassertion of government control over parts of northern Iraq has spurred calls for a reassessment of Washington's policy toward Baghdad. Some analysts call for the breakup of Iraq, to end the threat Saddam poses to the region and to
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Brief Analysis
Toward a More Realistic Northern Iraq Policy
Seeking to achieve stability in northern Iraq as part of a longer-term effort to bring down Saddam Hussein, Assistant Secretary of State Robert Pelletreau this week completed a round of meetings in Turkey with feuding Iraqi Kurdish leaders. However, prospects for success of this effort are minimal, the durability of
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  • Alan Makovsky
Brief Analysis
Whither the Iraqi Opposition?
The Future of the Iraqi National Congress
In 1992 a spectrum of Iraqi dissidents met in Vienna, Austria and then in Salahuddin, northern Iraq (under Kurdish control), and established the Iraqi National Congress (INC) to lead the opposition to Saddam Hussein. The INC opposes the use of force as the solution for ethnic and nationality problems and
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Brief Analysis
Evolution of U.S. Policy on Iraq, the Iraqi Opposition, and Northern Iraq:
Between Humanitarian and Strategic Interests
In recent days, the Clinton Administration has articulated a clear distinction between U.S. strategic interests in southern Iraq and solely humanitarian concerns in northern Iraq. Following are statements since the end of the Gulf War chronicling the evolution of this policy. "[O]ur interest in the Kurds in [northern Iraq] is
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Brief Analysis
Saddam's Iraq:
Strengths, Weaknesses, and Future Challenges
In terms of domestic political opinion in Iraq, Saddam won a significant victory in the recent operation in northern Iraq. His prestige is greater than it has ever been since the Gulf War, and he has positioned himself well for at least the next year. In about a years time
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Brief Analysis
Crisis in Iraq:
Saddam Hussein, the Kurds, and U.S. Policy
Although the Clinton Administration's response to Saddam Hussein's attack on Erbil is based on a moral commitment to protect the Kurds of northern Iraq, Washington has focused its response on southern Iraq. U.S. strikes have hit targets in southern Iraq, rather than in the north; President Clinton has not demanded
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  • Alan Makovsky
  • Michael Eisenstadt
Brief Analysis
The U.S. Strikes on Iraq:
What Was Accomplished? What Next?
The U.S. cruise missile strikes on Iraqi air defense forces yesterday and today were intended to have three main consequences: 1) to exact a price for the Iraqi army's actions in Irbil and thereby restore credibility to U.S. deterrence; 2) to degrade Iraqi air defenses in the newly extended no-fly
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Brief Analysis
The Stakes in the Iraq Oil Sales Dispute
Iraq and the United Nations are in the fourth round of negotiations about terms for implementing UN Security Council Resolution 986 -- an arrangement to permit limited and controlled oil sales to provide Baghdad with funds to purchase humanitarian goods. The talks hit a snag in late April, when the
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  • Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
King Hussein in Washington:
View from the Iraqi Opposition
With U.S. diplomats focused on ways to buttress the Arab-Israeli peace process amid a wave of anti-peace terrorism, a key Arab partner -- Jordan's King Hussein -- arrives in Washington today for talks with President Clinton. Terrorism, however, will occupy only part of their discussion. According to reports here in
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Articles & Testimony
Still Not Bomb-Proof
Five years after Operation Desert Storm, Iraq once again may not be far from producing an atomic bomb. With its known nuclear infrastructure largely dismantled, restrictive sanctions greatly complicating the acquisition of sensitive technology abroad and scores of UN weapons inspectors combing the countryside, how can this be? The fact
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Brief Analysis
The Future of Iraq:
A New U.S. Approach
In the run-up to today's fifth anniversary of the Gulf War, the United States took an important step toward re-defining its Iraq policy when Secretary of Defense William Perry, speaking in Amman on January 7, openly endorsed King Hussein's ambitious ideas for a post-Saddam regime of reconciliation and national unity
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Brief Analysis
King Hussein's Iraqi Gambit and the Iraqi Opposition
Just a year after forging peace with Israel, King Hussein of Jordan has embarked on what many observers consider a "mission impossible" -- uniting the Iraqi opposition against Saddam Hussein, Jordan's pre-Gulf War ally and the king's erstwhile personal friend. In outlining a post-Saddam vision of reconciliation among Iraq's major
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Brief Analysis
Looming Challenges for U.S. Security Strategy in the Persian Gulf
One year ago last week, Iraq's military buildup near its border with Kuwait triggered the deployment of nearly 30,000 solders, sailors, and airmen to the Persian Gulf. This robust reaction to threatened Iraqi aggression underscored the high degree of commitment, flexibility and readiness that characterizes U.S. defense policy in the
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Brief Analysis
King Hussein's Iraq Speech:
Opportunities and Challenges
In his televised address Wednesday, King Hussein defined a new policy toward Iraq that underscores his connection to the Iraqi people and armed forces, puts him at the forefront of the anti-Saddam coalition, and lays down a clear marker to Saddam that one false move would trigger the shutting down
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  • Robert Satloff
  • Alan Makovsky
Brief Analysis
America, Iran, and the Allies:
To Halifax and Beyond
In recent weeks, President Clinton has taken unilateral action against Iran (imposing a ban on U.S. private investment and trade) and has attempted bilateral diplomacy (with Russia) to curtail Tehran's efforts to acquire nuclear power and technology. Because neither of these two initiatives can by themselves succeed in "containing" Iran
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Brief Analysis
Turkey's Northern Iraq Dilemma
Turkish Foreign Minister Erdal Inonu arrives tonight as part of a tour of major Allied capitals to explain Turkey's military operation in northern Iraq. In Washington--far more sympathetic to the Turkish action than European capitals, yet nevertheless insistent that it be "limited in duration and scope"--Inonu probably hopes to focus
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  • Alan Makovsky
Brief Analysis
The Situation in Northern Iraq:
Problems and Prospects
On February 8, 1995, David Litt, country director for Northern Gulf Affairs at the State Department, addressed a session of The Washington Institute's Policy Forum concerning the situation in northern Iraq and the prospects for peace and cooperation among the Kurdish factions there. The following is a rapporteur's summary of
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