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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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Imed Khemiri, a senior official in the Ennahda party and member of the Salvation Front (L) takes part in a protest, demanding the release of imprisoned journalists, activists, opposition figures and setting a date for fair presidential elections in Tunis, Tunisia May 12, 2024 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Tunisia’s Growing Protests Open a Door for Low-Cost U.S. Initiatives
Amid mounting domestic pressure on President Saied, the Trump administration should take modest but useful and forward-looking steps like lifting tariffs, supporting less-politicized trade projects, and otherwise backing the people’s vision for a more prosperous future.
Dec 17, 2025
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Lebanon's Foreign Minister Youssef Raggi - source: Republic of Lebanon
Video
Brief Analysis
Lebanon's Outlook on Sovereignty, Disarmament, and Peace
A Discussion with Foreign Minister Youssef Raggi
Join us for a special conversation with His Excellence Youssef Raggi, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants of the Republic of Lebanon. Watch live starting at 12:00 noon EST (1700 GMT) on Tuesday, December 23, 2025.
December 23, 2025, starting at 12:00 noon EST (1700 GMT)
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  • Youssef Raggi
Syrian Christians demonstrate in Damascus following the suicide bombing of the Mar Elias church - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Christians in the New Syria: Accepted, But At-Risk
Although some Christians have been targeted post-Assad, these incidents are hardly an attempted "genocide," but rather part of the broader internal security challenge affecting all communities in Syria, including the majority population.
Dec 9, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Syrian President Sharaa chairs a cabinet meeting in Damascus - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
The New Syria, Year Two: Rebuilding Institutions and Governance
A former U.S. envoy to Syria joins an expert on President Sharaa’s ruling faction to discuss how Damascus should approach governance issues one year after the fall of Assad.
Dec 5, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
  • James Jeffrey
Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa places his signature at a cabinet meeting in Damascus, October 12, 2025.
In-Depth Reports
Institutions and Governance in the New Syria:
Continuity and Change from the Idlib Model
The transitional leadership can claim several successes, but a shadow government, opaque economic practices, and uneven accountability for former regime crimes could undermine progress.
Dec 4, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
An Iranian girl watches water being poured - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Khomeini Promised Free Water. Iran Is Running Out of It.
Reservoirs are drying up due to systemic mismanagement and other problems, and regime officials do not appear willing or able to undertake the necessary fixes.
Nov 28, 2025
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  • Holly Dagres
A Sudanese army soldier stands near a bombed-out vehicle outside Khartoum - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
How to Stop Sudan’s Collapse
With President Trump recently pledging to help Saudi Arabia and other regional partners broker a ceasefire, his administration should focus on pressuring the external spoilers who have fueled the fighting.
Nov 21, 2025
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  • Ben Fishman
  • Areig Elhag
Supporters of Iraqi prime minister al-Sudani celebrate with fireworks as results of the country's November 2025 parliamentary elections are announced - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Iraq’s Election: Outcomes and Next Steps
Sudani did very well at the ballot box, but the peculiarities of Iraq’s long government formation process and the final distribution of parliamentary seats may leave the main Iran-backed coalition in the driver’s seat.
Nov 17, 2025
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  • James Jeffrey
  • David Schenker
Articles & Testimony
Religious Freedom in Syria’s Post-Assad Transition
An in-depth look at the legal regime that Syria's transitional authorities have put in place to deal with religious minorities, focusing on how its policies have played out in a climate of ongoing violence and public distrust.
Nov 13, 2025
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  • Aaron Y. Zelin
Flags of Israel and Lebanon painted on hands outstretched to each other, overlaying map of Israel-Lebanon border and beyond.
Articles & Testimony
A Fragile Opening for Peace Between Lebanon and Israel
With Lebanon’s leaders hinting at reconciliation, U.S. pressure can help turn words into action.
Nov 10, 2025
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Robert Satloff
  • Ehud Yaari
Syria's acting president Sharaa greets U.S. President Trump in Riyadh in May 2025 - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Sharaa Goes to Washington
A distinguished panel of experts and veteran diplomats sets the stage for the president’s historic White House visit, examining critical U.S., Israeli, and Syrian issues as well as lessons from past diplomatic efforts.
Nov 7, 2025
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  • James Jeffrey
  • Michael Herzog
  • Michael Jacobson
  • Anna Borshchevskaya
An Iraqi voter dips their finger in ink after casting a ballot in regional elections in Iraqi Kurdistan in 2024 - source: Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Iraq's Pivotal Parliamentary Election
Two regional political experts join a former U.S. ambassador to discuss how the final campaign push is shaping up and what the outcome could hold for U.S. interests.
Nov 5, 2025
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  • Mina al-Oraibi
  • Munqith Dagher
  • James Jeffrey
Brief Analysis
Gaza’s Future Hinges on a Clear UN Security Council Resolution
With Hamas already regrouping, U.S. officials must help craft targeted language that empowers the Board of Peace to oversee a technocratic administration and stabilization force, with the goal of quickly filling the territory’s governance and security vacuum.
Oct 31, 2025
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  • Dennis Ross
  • Assaf Orion
Newspapers at a shop in Tehran display headlines about the China-brokered Iran-Saudi deal in March 2023 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
China’s Global Initiatives Are Worth Taking Seriously
Beijing’s latest policy initiative is vague, but this same quality could yield diplomatic clout and unite countries whose interests may otherwise diverge from China’s.
Oct 30, 2025
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  • Henry Tugendhat
A Tunisian purchases dollars from a money-changer - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
The Role of the International Community in Supporting Tunisia’s Post-2011 Economic Transition
How can the international community avoid making the same mistakes it did after the revolution, when perceptions that the country’s democratic transition was secure led to economic complacency?
Oct 28, 2025
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  • Sabina Henneberg
Flags of Israel and Lebanon painted on hands outstretched to each other, overlaying map of Israel-Lebanon border and beyond.
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
A Roadmap for Israel-Lebanon Peace
Pursuing even incremental steps will be difficult in a country long dominated by Iran’s chief regional proxy, but the two countries’ leaders have cracked the door open for future diplomacy.
Oct 28, 2025
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
  • Robert Satloff
  • Ehud Yaari
A man holds his child and a flag of the new Syrian regime in Damascus after the fall of the Assad government in 2024 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Forging Syrian National Unity Is Key to Regional Peace
Damascus has already taken steps toward this end, but intensive international economic assistance and political mediation will still be vital—the latter drawing on relevant elements from Iraq’s governing model.
Oct 21, 2025
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  • James Jeffrey
Brief Analysis
“Deradicalization” in Gaza: The Problem, the Solution, and the Measures of Success
To ensure the U.S. peace plan meets the long-term goal of a Gaza that is not ruled by Hamas and does not pose a threat to its neighbors, authorities need to combine realistic and measurable achievements with efforts toward disarmament, civilian reconstruction, and changing the public agenda.
Oct 17, 2025
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  • Neomi Neumann
  • Devorah Margolin
Protesters wave Palestinian flags in Gaza City - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
The Ceasefire in Gaza: Views on Security, Palestinian Governance, and Regional Dynamics
A compilation of Washington Institute insights on the profoundly complex tasks ahead—from preventing a Hamas resurgence to promoting Palestinian political reform—and the states and mechanisms likely to carry them out.
Oct 14, 2025
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  • Neomi Neumann
  • Ghaith al-Omari
  • Ehud Yaari
  • Dana Stroul
  • Soner Cagaptay
  • James Jeffrey
Moroccan youth protest in Rabat in 2025 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
From Discord to the Streets: Gen Z’s Moment in the Middle East
Facing an uncertain economic future and fed up with corruption and mismanagement, young people in countries from Morocco to Iran have begun voicing demands for more responsive leadership and a more open society.
Oct 10, 2025
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  • Holly Dagres
  • Sabina Henneberg

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Supported by the

Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Senior Fellow and managing editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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