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North Africa

Policy Analysis on North Africa

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Political Crisis in Tunisia: U.S. Response Options

As the fragile Arab democracy faces its most serious test in nearly a decade, Washington should oppose any unconstitutional centralization of power, urge President Saied to clarify his roadmap for ending the impasse, and consider additional economic and medical assistance.

Sarah Feuer

Supporting Sudan’s Essential but Risky Progress

Since experiencing major upheaval and demands for change in 2019, the country has achieved real gains in its political transition, but it needs serious American assistance to safely advance the fragile process.

Alberto Fernandez

Making Libya’s Berlin Process Work

To break the political deadlock, begin the withdrawal of disruptive foreign forces, and deploy ceasefire monitors, U.S. officials will need to hold some hard conversations with the UN envoy and all of the international and local actors on the ground.

Ben Fishman
Anas El Gomati

Articles & Testimony

The Mediterranean Should Be on Joe Biden’s Mind When He Meets Putin

Despite its consistent rhetoric toward Moscow, the administration has not yet demonstrated its strategic understanding that ceding too much operating space to Russia will hurt U.S. efforts to confront China.

Anna Borshchevskaya

Algeria’s Economic Challenges: Opportunities for U.S. Engagement

The pandemic has exacerbated persistent structural problems in the government’s approach to foreign investment, banking reform, monetary policy, and other sectors, but Algiers may be more open to U.S. advice on such matters.

Geoff Porter

How the Iraqi Muqawama Are Exploiting the Gaza Conflict

Militia Spotlight

Hamas's example could embolden Iraqi factions to accelerate attacks on U.S. facilities at home, as well as seek some reflected glory by claiming Syria-based attacks against Israelis.

Hamdi Malik

Foreign Fighters and U.S. Policy: Tracking Mobilization Hubs to Stem the Flow

By examining the growth of such hubs during the Islamic State’s caliphate years, two experts assess how the international community can limit recruitment in these areas and address local grievances.

Nate Rosenblatt
Naureen Chowdhury Fink

Satellite image of the Red Sea region and the Arabian Peninsula

Don't Part the Red Sea: Formulating Holistic Policy Toward a Key Region

A former NAVCENT commander joins a panel of distinguished diplomats and experts to discuss why Washington should approach the region’s disparate economic, political, and security issues in a more integrated fashion.

John Miller
Susan L. Ziadeh
Tibor Nagy
Elana DeLozier

al-Sahaba Mosque, Darnah, Libya

In-Depth Reports

'A Caliphate That Gathered': Addressing the Challenge of Jihadist Foreign Fighter Hubs

By devoting resources to areas of concentrated recruitment, the Biden administration can reduce the scope of future Middle East conflicts along with the likelihood that U.S. troops will once again be drawn into them.

Nate Rosenblatt

Photo of Muslim World League secretary-general Mohammad Al-Issa visiting Auschwitz

Teaching the Holocaust in the Arab World

A remarkable panel of Arab educators, activists, and civic leaders share their experiences with breaking regional taboos and formulating effective ways to teach youths about genocide.

Ali al-Nuaimi
Zeina Barakat
El Mehdi Boudra

A delegation of Gulf Arab men and women visit Yad Vashem in Jerusalem.

Articles & Testimony

The Crumbling Walls of Arab Holocaust Denial

Four factors have gradually legitimized honest regional discussion of the Holocaust and made traditional statements of denial and distortion less acceptable.

Robert Satloff

Egypt-Turkey Rapprochement Is Constraining the Muslim Brotherhood

Recent understandings between Cairo and Ankara have many of the group’s exiled figures worried about their future on Turkish soil.

Haisam Hassanein

Articles & Testimony

What Biden Can Do for Libya

The U.S. does not always have to be at the head of the table, but it has to be present and ready to jump in if progress stalls on issues such as advancing political dialogue, holding elections on time, and addressing Russia’s worrisome military encroachment.

Ben Fishman

Getting Tough with Egypt Won’t Work

A more modest approach is warranted, one that emphasizes core interests, acknowledges the limitations of U.S. leverage, and avoids going too far with funding cuts and sanctions.

David Schenker

Tunisia's King Mohammed VI addresses the Tunisian parliament

Articles & Testimony

Tunisia 2021: Ennahda vs. Extremists

Despite accusations by leftist politicians, Ennahda’s commitment to national security has not wavered since it turned on the jihadi movement, but the party still needs to define what it means by “Muslim Democracy.”

Aaron Y. Zelin

Assistant secretary of state David Schenker speaks at the Department of State in Washington, DC, alongside secretary of state Mike Pompeo

Middle East Policy from Trump to Biden: Views from Inside the State Department’s Near East Bureau

The former assistant secretary of state in charge of the Middle East portfolio from 2019-2021 discusses his time in office and how the region’s challenges and opportunities are evolving at the start of the Biden administration.

David Schenker
Robert Satloff

Reframing Libya for a Reluctant Administration

By treating the conflict as a matter of Mediterranean security, President Biden’s team can better assist the new Libyan government and demonstrate its commitment to revitalizing alliances.

Ben Fishman

Tunisian protesters in 2011

The Tunisian Jihadist Movement Ten Years After the Prisoner Amnesty

Security issues won’t top Tunisia’s agenda in 2021, but the sheer volume of citizens mobilized into the jihadist milieu over the past decade suggests that the consequences will be felt for years to come.

Aaron Y. Zelin

Northwest Africa map

In-Depth Reports

Seizing Opportunities and Strengthening Alliances in Northwest Africa: Ideas for Policy Toward Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia

Transition 2021

Modest investments of U.S. diplomatic capital, economic aid, and security assistance can help these three countries and advance American interests.

Robert Satloff
Sarah Feuer

Articles & Testimony

Tunisians of the Iraq Jihad and How That Set the Stage for the Syrian Jihad

The disproportionate role of Tunisians in both campaigns can be traced to a wide array of factors, including travel routes, prison experiences, battlefield leadership, and propaganda patterns back home.

Aaron Y. Zelin

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