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Iraq

Policy Analysis on Iraq

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Why a New Security Council Resolution about Iraq?

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) members are discussing in the corridors two proposals for a new Iraq resolution designed to restart UN inspections of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by offering Saddam Husayn the prospect of some relief from sanctions. The details of the two competing proposals are important

Patrick Clawson

The Future of the Iraqi Opposition

Dr. Adnan Pacachi, former Iraqi foreign minister and United Nations (UN) representative: The Iraqi opposition represents the yearnings and aspirations of Iraqis, who after years of oppression and dictatorship want a democratic and pluralistic government that protects the human rights of all its citizens. Saddam Husayn led Iraq into two

Air Strikes and American Strategy toward Iraq

Iraqi president Saddam Husayn is undoubtedly watching events in the Balkans quite closely. Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic's continued defiance of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) proves that the Western alliance continues to misunderstand dictators. Milosevic, like Saddam, does not care about his people but only about his own power

Michael Eisenstadt

Disarming Iraq:

Lessons from the UNSCOM Experience

Last December's Operation Desert Fox resulted in the death of the UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM). This leads to the question of how to deal with the issue of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) capabilities. Status of Iraqi WMD Between 1991 and 1998, UNSCOM achieved considerable results in

U.S. Policy and the Iraqi Opposition:

A Cautious Start

A leading Iraqi opposition group, the Iraqi National Congress (INC), recently announced that its political convention will meet in Washington in late April. Despite the U.S. administration's new policy calling for an end to the Iraqi regime, its approach to the Iraqi opposition has thus far been cautious and limited

Alan Makovsky

Inching toward Peace, Inching toward War

Assessing Proposals for Changing UN Restrictions on Iraq

In the last two weeks, France, the United States, and Saudi Arabia have all proposed changes in UN restrictions on Iraq. While all would have the effect of cutting Saddam some slack, intriguingly, the Saudi plan is about as good as the American. The French Proposal. The French proposal is

Patrick Clawson

Saddam Husayn's Rage of Fury:

Impact of the Bombing Campaign

This weekend's threatened resolution by the Iraqi parliament to rescind its recognition of the border with Kuwait -- a key element of the original Gulf War cease-fire resolution -- is the latest in a series of rash actions suggesting that last month's three-day bombing campaign succeeded in unnerving Iraqi president

In-Depth Reports

Crises After the Storm:

An Appraisal of U.S. Airpower in Iraq since 1991

Subsequent to the U.S.-led coalition's victory in Operation Desert Storm and Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait, the United States and the UN instituted a policy of "broad containment." The objectives of this policy were to keep Saddam weak politically and limit his military freedom of action in the region by supporting

Paul K. White

Air Power against Iraq:

Last week's Operation Desert Fox by British and American air forces against Iraq was more or less comparable in size to Operation Deliberate Force against Serbian forces in 1995. The 1991 Operation Desert Storm was much larger, but it included a tremendous effort against Iraqi ground forces that was not

Eliot Cohen

How to Use the Bombing to Advance Long-Term U.S. Goals for Iraq

The current bombing campaign against Iraq is clearly not going to solve all U.S. problems with Iraq. The issue of the day is then: how can the bombing be used to advance long-term U.S. goals? Ratchet up the Pressure. The United States seems intent on convincing Saddam Husayn that the

Patrick Clawson
Michael Eisenstadt

Articles & Testimony

Why Our Iraq Policy Won't Work

The Clinton administration's Iraq policy has been to "keep Saddam in his box" by doing everything possible to keep U.N. inspectors and international economic sanctions in place. But actually Saddam has boxed us in. True, the sanctions must be having some effect, because Saddam complains about them so much. Indeed

Patrick Clawson

Crisis with Iraq:

What Now? What's Next?

Three factors were cited by U.S. officials as reasons not to strike Iraq, none of which is convincing. First was the fear that air strikes would signal the death knell of UNSCOM. In fact, experience shows that Saddam has repeatedly backed down when threatened, and does not take risks when

Michael Eisenstadt
Patrick Clawson

Kuwait, Iraq, and Challenges in the Gulf

On November 10, 1998, Gen. Fahad al-Amir, deputy chief of staff of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces, addressed The Washington Institute's Special Policy Forum. The following is a rapporteur's summary of his remarks. Read a full transcript. Kuwait's participation in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is strong and committed. Members of

The Implications of Bombing Iraq

The Clinton administration is debating how to respond to Iraq's August 5 limits on the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) and its October 31 cessation of any cooperation with UNSCOM. To understand why force is being considered again requires examining each of the major problems facing the United

Patrick Clawson

Kurdish Agreement Signals New U.S. Commitment

Turkey's weekend decision to boost diplomatic ties with Saddam Hussein to ambassadorial level highlights widespread regional opposition to an agreement between two long-feuding Iraqi Kurdish leaders signed in Washington earlier this month. The agreement affirms the Iraqi Kurds' desire to avoid further inter-factional fighting and to prevent Saddam's return to

Alan Makovsky

Articles & Testimony

U.S. Policy Options toward Iraq

Testimony before the House National Security Committee U.S. policy toward Iraq is at a turning point. Decisions made in the coming weeks and months will affect American interests in the Middle East and the fate of the region for years to come. Unfortunately, there is no clear, obvious solutions to

Michael Eisenstadt

Uncovering Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction:

Past Achievements, Current Challenges

It is impossible to determine exactly what Iraq is concealing because Iraq has not accurately reported what it had to begin with. Therefore, it is not possible to produce a precise material balance of initial and current holdings. However, it is possible -- using data derived from Iraqi documents in

Articles & Testimony

The So-Called 'Diplomatic Option'

Richard Murphy's Aug. 25 op-ed piece in support of the administration's "new diplomatic approach" toward Iraq is a recipe for disaster. Ambassador Murphy asserts that this "new approach . . . may prove more effective" than the policy abandoned by the administration after the last confrontation with Iraq that ended

Michael Eisenstadt

America, Iraq, and UNSCOM:

Saddam Husayn's refusal to cooperate with United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) has re-opened a confrontation with the U.N. and the United States that was temporarily resolved through Kofi Annan's diplomatic efforts in February 1998. Over the course of that earlier crisis, U.S. officials made strong statements about the threat posed

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Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics

The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world, with an emphasis on the Arab countries of the Levant.

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Featured experts

Michael Eisenstadt

Michael Eisenstadt

Michael Eisenstadt is the Kahn Fellow and director of The Washington Institute's Military and Security Studies Program.

Michael Knights

Michael Knights

Michael Knights is the Jill and Jay Bernstein Fellow of The Washington Institute, specializing in the military and security affairs of Iraq, Iran, and the Persian Gulf states. He is a co-founder of the Militia Spotlight platform, which offers in-depth analysis of developments related to the Iranian-backed militias in Iraq and Syria.

Bilal Wahab

Bilal Wahab is the Nathan and Esther K. Wagner Fellow at The Washington Institute.

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